About Bangladesh

Author Topic: About Bangladesh  (Read 1758 times)

Offline Raisa

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About Bangladesh
« on: January 31, 2018, 09:36:36 AM »
Over the last ten years Bangladesh has made impressive gains in key human development indicators. According to the 2008 UNDP Human Development Index Statistical Update, Bangladesh ranks 147th among 179 countries with an HDI score of 0.524, placing it among countries considered to have achieved medium human development. But even as Bangladesh has taken these considerable steps towards poverty alleviation, many challenges remain. More than 63 million people live below the poverty line. The constant threat of shocks – natural, political, or economic - the uncertain impact of globalization, and an increasingly competitive international trade environment impede higher growth rates. In addition, structural changes in rural Bangladesh have spurred rapid economic migration. This exacerbates urban poverty, creates a lack of reliable work and leads to congestion and limited shelter in urban areas. Bangladesh thus faces considerable challenges to sustain and build on the achievements of the last decade, and to remain on track to meet its targets under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

History
Civilization in the Bengal delta dates back more than 4,300 years. The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established during the British partition of Bengal and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed state of Pakistan. It was separated from West Pakistan by 1,600 km (994 mi) of Indian territory. Due to a desire for political, economic and linguistic self-determination, popular agitation and civil disobedience grew against the Pakistani state. This culminated in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh was founded as a constitutional, secular, democratic, multiparty, parliamentary republic. After independence, Bangladesh went through periods of poverty and famine, as well as political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by considerable advances in economic, political, and social development.

Bangladesh straddles the fertile Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, and has a cultural heritage that is proudly intertwined with the broader civilizational history of the Indian subcontinent. It is a pluralistic nation of considerable religious and ethnic diversity. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country, and is also one of the most densely populated. The elected parliament in Bangladesh’ parliamentary electoral system is called the Jatiyo Sangshad. Bangladesh is a founding member of SAARC, the Developing 8 Countries, the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) and the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation (BCIM). It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Bangladesh is also the world's largest contributor to United Nations peacekeeping missions.

Challenges
Bangladesh is undergoing substantial economic and social change, and this will intensify in the coming decades. Fundamental forces are at play, involving rapid industrialization, structural change in the economy, and substantial rural-urban migration. These processes bring a host of developmental pressures, and a range of potential inequities. As the country moves to middle-income status, the differences in income and living conditions have tended to widen. This is a by-product of the growth process, Bangladesh’s centralized economic model, and its difficult geography. It is vital these inequalities are addressed if poverty is to be further reduced, and a host of future problems associated with social exclusion avoided.

Environmental pressures, exacerbated by climate change, remain significant and could easily worsen if remedial actions are not taken at the local and global level. While the population is expected to stabilize at around 200 million, growing wealth and migration will place further strain on ecosystems and the living environment.

Providing better social services, especially in health and education, is also key to Bangladesh’s continuing ability to meet core welfare objectives. While the country has done well in meeting its headline MDG obligations, the quality and durability of some outcomes remains weak. Major service delivery concerns must be addressed by more effectively improving the quality of governance in Bangladesh. As inequalities get more profound and complex, there is a need to look beyond aggregate data, to see whether disadvantaged groups actually have access to services, as well as how performance varies geographically.Bangladesh’s economic model has been consistently mindful of the poor and the disadvantaged. Indicators of extreme poverty demonstrate that poverty has fallen from around 50 per cent of the population in 2000, to just over 30 per cent in 2010. Broad improvements in social welfare have been secured. This is rooted largely in Bangladesh’s abundant supply of inexpensive labour, and in successful government policies that promote macroeconomic stability and growth. With the global economic recovery, favorable demographics and improving investor confidence, growth may accelerate above its current trend rate of 6 to 6 ½ per cent in the coming years. 

Bangladesh retains a deep commitment to social solidarity and to a progressive development agenda. Many MDG targets, in areas ranging from poverty reduction to infant mortality, have been secured. The Government has also shown itself able to recognize delivery weaknesses and marshal resources accordingly. This is most clear in relation to maternal mortality, where Bangladesh successfully overcame a significant challenge, securing a 30% reduction in deaths during child birth over only four years. This bodes well for future interventions to capitalize on MDG successes, to further improve access to healthcare and schooling.

Ongoing government programs have targeted disaster preparedness and recovery, with great success. Bangladesh’s vulnerability to disasters is significant, but the country’s track record has been exceptional at improving human security and saving lives. While extreme climatic events still tragically result in some deaths, numbers have fallen drastically. This provides a sound foundation for addressing other pressing questions of environmental sustainability.
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Offline afrin.ns

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Re: About Bangladesh
« Reply #1 on: March 04, 2018, 02:40:36 PM »
Thanks for sharing

Offline Md. Alamgir Hossan

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Re: About Bangladesh
« Reply #2 on: March 12, 2018, 12:20:12 PM »
Informative post

Offline Samsul Alam

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Re: About Bangladesh
« Reply #3 on: April 07, 2018, 08:02:06 PM »
Informative. Thanks for posting.
Samsul Alam (710001796)
Sr. Lecturer (MIS)
Department of Business Administration
Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship
Daffodil International University

Offline Kazi Rezwan Hossain

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Re: About Bangladesh
« Reply #4 on: April 30, 2018, 08:19:29 AM »
Very Informative post. Thanks for posting
Kazi Rezwan  Hossain
Lecturer
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
cell- 01674169447
Email- rezwan.te@diu.edu.bd

Offline shahanasumi35

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Re: About Bangladesh
« Reply #5 on: April 30, 2018, 10:50:24 AM »
Informative post.