Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition

Author Topic: Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition  (Read 2188 times)

Offline Afroza Akhter Tina

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 777
  • Test
    • View Profile
Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition
« on: October 21, 2018, 03:06:57 PM »
Five stages of second language acquisition

Proponents of second language acquisition theories, including Oliveri and Judie Haynes, another ESL teacher with 28 years of experience, identify five distinct stages of second language acquisition as originally espoused by linguist Stephen Krashen. These include the following:

1. Silent/receptive

This stage may last from several hours to several months, depending on the individual learner. During this time, new language learners typically spend time learning vocabulary and practice pronouncing new words. While they may engage in self-talk, they don’t normally speak the language with any fluency or real understanding.

This stage is controversial among language educators. Ana Lomba disagrees that second language learners are totally silent while they are in this first learning stage. Instead, Lomba states that “speech is fundamental in language acquisition” and learners excel in language acquisition when they apply what they learn as they learn it.

2. Early production

This stage may last about six months, during which language learners typically acquire an understanding of up to 1,000 words. They may also learn to speak some words and begin forming short phrases, even though they may not be grammatically correct.

3. Speech emergence

By this stage, learners typically acquire a vocabulary of up to 3,000 words, and learn to communicate by putting the words in short phrases, sentences, and questions. Again, they may not be grammatically correct, but this is an important stage during which learners gain greater comprehension and begin reading and writing in their second language.

4. Intermediate fluency

At this stage, which may last for a year or more after speech emergence, learners typically have a vocabulary of as many as 6,000 words. They usually acquire the ability to communicate in writing and speech using more complex sentences. This crucial stage is also when learners begin actually thinking in their second language, which helps them gain more proficiency in speaking it.

5. Continued language development/advanced fluency

It takes most learners at least two years to reach this stage, and then up to 10 years to achieve full mastery of the second language in all its complexities and nuances. Second language learners need ongoing opportunities to engage in discussions and express themselves in their new language, in order to maintain fluency in it.

The key to learning a new language and developing proficiency in speaking and writing that language is consistency and practice. A student must converse with others in the new language on a regular basis in order to grow their fluency and confidence. In addition, Haynes says it’s important for students to continue to work with a classroom teacher on specific content area related to the new language such as history, social studies and writing.

https://education.cu-portland.edu/blog/classroom-resources/five-stages-of-second-language-acquisition/


Afroza Akhter Tina
Senior Lecturer
Department of English, DIU

Offline akhi

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 360
  • Life is beautiful
    • View Profile
    • http://faculty.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/profile/cse/amatul.html
Re: Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition
« Reply #1 on: October 21, 2018, 03:07:31 PM »
Thanks for sharing
Amatul Bushra Akhi
Employee ID: 710001668
Lecturer
Room No: 704 AB-01
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Permanent Campus
Daffodil International University

Offline zafrin.eng

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 390
  • Test
    • View Profile
Re: Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition
« Reply #2 on: February 26, 2020, 06:03:07 PM »
Very essential information for both teachers & students! :)

Offline Umme Atia Siddiqua

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 274
  • Test
    • View Profile
Re: Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition
« Reply #3 on: March 16, 2020, 11:20:04 AM »
Thanks for sharing.

Offline nahidaakter

  • Jr. Member
  • **
  • Posts: 50
  • Test
    • View Profile
Re: Five Stages of Second Language Acquisition
« Reply #4 on: August 08, 2021, 10:47:37 PM »
Thank you for sharing.