Clay particle is commonly any of group of important hydrous aluminum silicates with a layer (sheet) structure and very small size, as for example montmorillonite, which are often organically modified to render them organophilic and to enable their dispersion into a polymer. The result of such dispersion is a Nano composite comprised of nanoscale clay particles and a surrounding polymer. Important clay particles are Kaolinite, Illite, Bentonite, Chlorite and Montmorillonite. The most used clay particle in textile coating is Montmorillonite: Chemically (Na, Ca) (Al, Mg)6(Si4O10)3(OH) 6-nH2O, Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide. The aim of this study is to focus on functional properties of nanoclay coated textiles. Nanoclay particle can play an important role in flame retardant textile (cotton or polyester) coating. They can be acted as carriers for drugs, fragrances or other active agents and enable the controlled release of the incorporated species (bacteria, biocidal) which could find applications in skin care products. Recently, clays have become more important for various aspects of environmental science and remediation. Clay particle may absorb various pollutants including organic compounds (such as atrazine, trifluraline, parathion and malathion) and inorganic trace metals (such as copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury) from soils and groundwater which are mostly health hazards. As it is biodegradable and generated from purely nature occurring resources, has very less effect on the environment and human being.
