1
Common Forum / Re: about budget
« on: November 27, 2011, 09:31:43 AM »
It is really informative and important also. Thank you, Ma'm.......
News:
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2
Web based Developer Forum / Re: Personal website free!!!!
« on: November 15, 2011, 10:19:18 AM »
It's really a important post and we are very much grateful to you............Thank you for the post.
3
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: SWOT Analysis of Bangladesh Textile & RMG Industry
« on: October 29, 2011, 11:17:40 AM »
Thank you........
4
You need to know / 4 Things You Never Knew Your Mobile Phone Could Do
« on: October 27, 2011, 08:57:50 PM »
There are a few things that can be done in times of grave emergencies. Your mobile phone can actually be a life saver or an emergency tool for survival. Check out the things that you can do with it:
1. Emergency
The Emergency Number worldwide for Mobile is 112. If you find yourself out of the coverage area of your mobile; network and there is an emergency, dial 112 and the mobile will search any existing network to establish the emergency number for you, and interestingly this number 112 can be dialed even if the keypad is locked. Try it out.
Also in Australia, the Australian emergency number 000 can be dialed whilst your mobile phone keyboard is locked. This is another reason why 000 receives so many false emergency calls!
2. Have you locked your keys in the car?
Does your car have remote key less entry? This may come in handy someday. Good reason to own a cell phone: If you lock your keys in the car and the spare keys are at home, call someone at home on their mobile phone from your cell phone.
Hold your cell phone about a foot from your car door and have the person at your home press the unlock button, holding it near the mobile phone on their end. Your car will unlock. It saves someone from having to drive your keys to you. Distance is no object. You could be hundreds of miles away, and if you can reach someone who has the other "remote" for your car, you can unlock the doors (or the trunk).
3. Hidden Battery Power
Imagine your mobile battery is very low. To activate, press the keys *3370# your mobile will restart with this reserve and the instrument will show a 50% increase in battery. This reserve will get charged when you charge your mobile next time.
4. How to disable a STOLEN mobile phone?
To check your Mobile phone's serial number, key in the following digits on your phone:
Star-hash-zero-six-hash
* # 0 6 #
A 15 digit code will appear on the screen. This number is unique to your handset. Write it down and keep it somewhere safe. When your phone gets stolen, you can phone your service provider and give them this code. They will then be able to block your handset so even if the thief changes the SIM card, your phone will be totally useless. You probably won't get your phone back, but at least you know that whoever stole it can't use/sell it either. If everybody does this, there would be no point in people stealing mobile phones.
Not only the above, but also in Australia your stolen phone is added to a "Stolen Mobile Phone" database, so if your phone is found later on it can be returned to you.
1. Emergency
The Emergency Number worldwide for Mobile is 112. If you find yourself out of the coverage area of your mobile; network and there is an emergency, dial 112 and the mobile will search any existing network to establish the emergency number for you, and interestingly this number 112 can be dialed even if the keypad is locked. Try it out.
Also in Australia, the Australian emergency number 000 can be dialed whilst your mobile phone keyboard is locked. This is another reason why 000 receives so many false emergency calls!
2. Have you locked your keys in the car?
Does your car have remote key less entry? This may come in handy someday. Good reason to own a cell phone: If you lock your keys in the car and the spare keys are at home, call someone at home on their mobile phone from your cell phone.
Hold your cell phone about a foot from your car door and have the person at your home press the unlock button, holding it near the mobile phone on their end. Your car will unlock. It saves someone from having to drive your keys to you. Distance is no object. You could be hundreds of miles away, and if you can reach someone who has the other "remote" for your car, you can unlock the doors (or the trunk).
3. Hidden Battery Power
Imagine your mobile battery is very low. To activate, press the keys *3370# your mobile will restart with this reserve and the instrument will show a 50% increase in battery. This reserve will get charged when you charge your mobile next time.
4. How to disable a STOLEN mobile phone?
To check your Mobile phone's serial number, key in the following digits on your phone:
Star-hash-zero-six-hash
* # 0 6 #
A 15 digit code will appear on the screen. This number is unique to your handset. Write it down and keep it somewhere safe. When your phone gets stolen, you can phone your service provider and give them this code. They will then be able to block your handset so even if the thief changes the SIM card, your phone will be totally useless. You probably won't get your phone back, but at least you know that whoever stole it can't use/sell it either. If everybody does this, there would be no point in people stealing mobile phones.
Not only the above, but also in Australia your stolen phone is added to a "Stolen Mobile Phone" database, so if your phone is found later on it can be returned to you.
5
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: Composition & Physical, Chemical, Thermal Properties of Cotton
« on: October 27, 2011, 08:46:03 PM »
Thank you Sir for adding some other important information
6
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: Job opportunity in Textile Washing sector
« on: October 27, 2011, 08:39:48 PM »
Sir, actually which sector of textile is preferable, is not the main problem of the students I think. I think, the students (we) suffer from a serious fear about what they should take as their Advanced or Major. So it would be very helpful to all of us, if you suggest any idea about choosing the subject, which will vanish all the dark cloud from the mind.
I don't tell you to suggest any name of the subject, rather I am requesting you to give us a hopeful speech about it.
I think that will be very helpful to us.
I don't tell you to suggest any name of the subject, rather I am requesting you to give us a hopeful speech about it.
I think that will be very helpful to us.
7
Textile science, events, trade and issues / SWOT Analysis of Bangladesh Textile & RMG Industry
« on: October 27, 2011, 08:29:09 PM »
Strength:
•Advantage over China, Pakistan & India
•Adequate supply of labor force of both sexes, attributed with less attitudes problem (less absenteeism and, aptitude for learning, and loyal) and high morale
•Cheaper labor cost
•Low cost of captive power generation using gas as fuel
•GSP facility up to 2015 (renewed recently)
Weakness:
•Bangladesh produce mostly basic products- which are low cost items; the share of fashion products i.e., high value added product is very low.
•Bangladesh does not produce the basic raw materials (only a negligible quantity of cotton but no manufactured fiber) and as such has to depend totally on sensitive global market.
•Because of inadequate backward linkage, lead-time happens to be long, nearly 3 months.
•Public power supply is erratic.
•Bank interest rate is still high enough, particularly of private sector bank, for investment of export oriented high value project.
•HRD facility, productivity and quality support, testing and accreditation support, design support and compliances are yet to be enhanced.
•Cost of doing business is high because of under table money
Opportunity:
•Bangladesh has now a scope to go for more fashion oriented products deserving high price in the global market.
•With the help of further increase of productivity & quality and design support, Bangladesh can minimize cost and maximize profit and export value.
•Bangladesh, as a proven experienced RMG & Textile manufacturer, can expand share in the existing market (USA, EU, Australia, Canada, etc.) and can also explore opportunity in Japan & CIS countries.
•In the long run, Bangladesh has a scope to target huge populated country like China and India- where demand as well as cost of manufacturing will be wider.
Threat:
•Unless new strong market is explored in home or abroad, any non-cooperation from USA & EU may jeopardize the whole Bangladesh RMG export business and consequently the textile manufacturing.
•Sudden price hike of cotton and yarn in the global market may push Bangladesh to a very awkward situation to devastate the business.
•The type of labor and political anarchies of the recent days if prevails in the future, Bangladesh may lose the business in the way Sri Lanka has lost.
•Growing terrorism, or its false/amplified propaganda, is also a big threat.
•The poor political culture and violence is one of the most important threats.
In order to make further boom, Bangladesh has to create new capacities and modernize & balance the existing ones. Encouragement of FDI from ethnic Bengalis in foreign countries would be one of the best options for the needed financing in addition to the local banks' efforts. Power supply has to be ensured.
Bangladesh needs to develop capacities to provide the industries with a sustainable supply of resource personnel and support services in regard of research, design, testing & standardization, accreditation, compliances, etc.
Bangladesh has to improve the port efficiency further and gear up domestic transportation. Labor crisis, labor safety, social rights and gender issues have to be dealt with more efficacies. It is important that the buyers should have a preferred access to the country; starting from reception on arrival to facilities such as hotel/rest house, tourism and recreation should be improved.
•Advantage over China, Pakistan & India
•Adequate supply of labor force of both sexes, attributed with less attitudes problem (less absenteeism and, aptitude for learning, and loyal) and high morale
•Cheaper labor cost
•Low cost of captive power generation using gas as fuel
•GSP facility up to 2015 (renewed recently)
Weakness:
•Bangladesh produce mostly basic products- which are low cost items; the share of fashion products i.e., high value added product is very low.
•Bangladesh does not produce the basic raw materials (only a negligible quantity of cotton but no manufactured fiber) and as such has to depend totally on sensitive global market.
•Because of inadequate backward linkage, lead-time happens to be long, nearly 3 months.
•Public power supply is erratic.
•Bank interest rate is still high enough, particularly of private sector bank, for investment of export oriented high value project.
•HRD facility, productivity and quality support, testing and accreditation support, design support and compliances are yet to be enhanced.
•Cost of doing business is high because of under table money
Opportunity:
•Bangladesh has now a scope to go for more fashion oriented products deserving high price in the global market.
•With the help of further increase of productivity & quality and design support, Bangladesh can minimize cost and maximize profit and export value.
•Bangladesh, as a proven experienced RMG & Textile manufacturer, can expand share in the existing market (USA, EU, Australia, Canada, etc.) and can also explore opportunity in Japan & CIS countries.
•In the long run, Bangladesh has a scope to target huge populated country like China and India- where demand as well as cost of manufacturing will be wider.
Threat:
•Unless new strong market is explored in home or abroad, any non-cooperation from USA & EU may jeopardize the whole Bangladesh RMG export business and consequently the textile manufacturing.
•Sudden price hike of cotton and yarn in the global market may push Bangladesh to a very awkward situation to devastate the business.
•The type of labor and political anarchies of the recent days if prevails in the future, Bangladesh may lose the business in the way Sri Lanka has lost.
•Growing terrorism, or its false/amplified propaganda, is also a big threat.
•The poor political culture and violence is one of the most important threats.
In order to make further boom, Bangladesh has to create new capacities and modernize & balance the existing ones. Encouragement of FDI from ethnic Bengalis in foreign countries would be one of the best options for the needed financing in addition to the local banks' efforts. Power supply has to be ensured.
Bangladesh needs to develop capacities to provide the industries with a sustainable supply of resource personnel and support services in regard of research, design, testing & standardization, accreditation, compliances, etc.
Bangladesh has to improve the port efficiency further and gear up domestic transportation. Labor crisis, labor safety, social rights and gender issues have to be dealt with more efficacies. It is important that the buyers should have a preferred access to the country; starting from reception on arrival to facilities such as hotel/rest house, tourism and recreation should be improved.
8
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: History and Functions of the Ministry of Jute and Textile of Bangladesh
« on: October 26, 2011, 04:42:42 PM »
It is a very informative post. We are very grateful to you.
9
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: History of the BGMEA
« on: October 26, 2011, 04:38:11 PM »
It is so nice to see the post about BGMEA. Thank you Sir. There is also some important information about BGMEA.
Regular activities of BGMEA include sending members for participation in apparel fairs at home and abroad; establishment and promotion of contacts with foreign buyers, business associations and chambers; and collection of information on various aspects of the garment industry and their dissemination to members, apparel buyers and other users. BGMEA helps garment manufacturers in disposal of stock-lots, suggests ways for proper utilization of fabrics, yarn, acrylic, wool etc., and in adoption of safety measures in order to avert fire accidents in factories. BGMEA helps the government in textile quota negotiations with USA and Canada and monitors implementation of MOU on elimination of child labor in the country's garment sector. It monitors activities relating to issuing utilization declaration (U/D), export orders for clearance of raw materials imported by member-factories, and inter-bond sub-contract of bonded warehouse goods. It also provides education support to displaced workers below the age of 14 and co-sponsors welfare programs for garment workers in broader areas of primary healthcare, transportation, social security and insurance coverage, housing and skill training.
In the context of possible economic threats for Bangladesh associated with new trends in globalization of trade, investment, finance and production, BGMEA has identified key areas that will impact on future developments in the garment sector. Core issues include human rights, and code of conduct in the work place and environment. BGMEA plans to launch a program for SA8000/WRAP compliance by all its member units within a fixed time frame so that all of them are ready to face new challenges of liberalization and globalization.
Regular activities of BGMEA include sending members for participation in apparel fairs at home and abroad; establishment and promotion of contacts with foreign buyers, business associations and chambers; and collection of information on various aspects of the garment industry and their dissemination to members, apparel buyers and other users. BGMEA helps garment manufacturers in disposal of stock-lots, suggests ways for proper utilization of fabrics, yarn, acrylic, wool etc., and in adoption of safety measures in order to avert fire accidents in factories. BGMEA helps the government in textile quota negotiations with USA and Canada and monitors implementation of MOU on elimination of child labor in the country's garment sector. It monitors activities relating to issuing utilization declaration (U/D), export orders for clearance of raw materials imported by member-factories, and inter-bond sub-contract of bonded warehouse goods. It also provides education support to displaced workers below the age of 14 and co-sponsors welfare programs for garment workers in broader areas of primary healthcare, transportation, social security and insurance coverage, housing and skill training.
In the context of possible economic threats for Bangladesh associated with new trends in globalization of trade, investment, finance and production, BGMEA has identified key areas that will impact on future developments in the garment sector. Core issues include human rights, and code of conduct in the work place and environment. BGMEA plans to launch a program for SA8000/WRAP compliance by all its member units within a fixed time frame so that all of them are ready to face new challenges of liberalization and globalization.
10
You need to know / Love vs In Love; Love vs Lust; Love vs Obsession
« on: October 26, 2011, 01:48:36 PM »
Love vs. In Love
Love is a strong emotion that can have various flavors. Being in love is entirely different from loving someone. For example you can love your child, but you are in love with your spouse. The feeling of ‘In love’ is associated with romance.
The feeling of in love entails two aspects being in love and ‘falling in love. When you fall in love, certain neuro-chemicals and hormones are released into the system, which narrow our logic and awareness. This is why some people say that love is blind. On the other hand being in love is different because here your blinders come off, and you can have love as a choice and it requires your resolute attention.
When you say that you love someone or something, you can even say that you love a particular resort or your dog or even your favorite doll. But when you say you are in love, it usually conveys the meaning that you have given your heart to someone and think passionately about that person.
When you become a parent, love automatically flows within you, and though you may not be explicit about it, you will feel upset if your baby is upset and this continues for your lifetime. However, being in love can also be temporary madness.
When the spouses or partners are in love with each other, then slowly the roots start getting deeper. After the initial years, things season out and the leaves fall, but what is left is the tree which you discover is one and not two. So when in love is burned out, love is left.
When you are in love with someone, you feel that your life will fall apart if that person is not there in your life. Your love grows everyday and that person starts having a significant part in your life. You may become dependent on his or her decisions, feel lonely without them or cry when they are not around. However, simply loving someone means that you will protect that person because they mean a lot to you. But your life won’t fall apart if that person is not near you.
Love vs. lust
Love and lust are the two most confused concepts in all cultures around the world. And, yet, reams and reams of literature, innumerable works of art and scores of music have been created on these two concepts.
To begin with, while love is mainly a spiritual and mental feeling, lust is purely based on a physical need, unfortunately where most young people around the world trip. Confusing a physical feeling of lust as an attraction based on genuine emotion emanating from the heart and soul as love leads many young people to marry in haste and regret later.
Love requires discipline and commitment while lust needs no such positive attributes to manifest. Love is focused on the growth, improvement and comfort of the person who is the object of love. On the other hand, lust is focused on the satisfaction of the self and that too, mainly of the physical kind. Though, it may not necessarily be physical alone. Since love requires a commitment, a certain amount of discipline is necessary because you cannot harm the person you love whether physically or emotionally. In lust, no discipline is maintained as the person who is the object of lust becomes a subject of utility to be discarded once the purpose of self-satisfaction is fulfilled.
True Love inspires only positive emotions of joy, peace, serenity and friendship. Love becomes the fountainhead for individual progress and supports the universal positive attributes. On the other hand, lust inspires negative emotions though; a short-term feeling of exhilaration may be confused with love.
According to Eastern traditions of philosophy, love for an individual can translate into a universal love for all mankind and a higher love for god, while, lust can only translate into further depravity. While love leads to spirituality, lust leads to materialism. While love is an evolutionary positive force, lust is a destructive negative force.
Love vs. Obsession
Love is a feeling from the heart, and obsession can be termed as a crazy feeling. Though love and obsession are related in some aspects, the two can never be thought to be the same.
Love is a feeling that is uncontrollable, and a feeling which one has for another person. Love always means caring, supportive and giving. On the other hand, obsession is only a crazy idea where a person cannot think in an affectionate manner.
Love is a feeling when a person wants the best for the one he loves, and always wants them to be happy, even if they are not part of his life. On the other hand, obsession is a crazy feeling where the person wants the other to be his or her only. An obsessed person always thinks of having the beloved one on his or her side all day.
One may give more importance to the other's needs when in love. For the person who is in love, the other’s needs are given prominence. Whereas, an obsessed person gives more importance to his or her needs. Love is something that makes one feel good. Obsession makes one look like an idiot.
It can be said that love has no limits or boundaries. In love, there is complete freedom. Well, obsession is something that has its own limitations, and it is a condition where one feels like they have no freedom.
Obsession is also shrouded with jealousy. On the other hand, love is always pure, and it is the understanding between individuals. Persons, who are in love, trust each other blindly. On the contrary, an obsessive person will always want to know every detail about the other person. This only means that an obsessive relationship lacks trust.
Love is a strong emotion that can have various flavors. Being in love is entirely different from loving someone. For example you can love your child, but you are in love with your spouse. The feeling of ‘In love’ is associated with romance.
The feeling of in love entails two aspects being in love and ‘falling in love. When you fall in love, certain neuro-chemicals and hormones are released into the system, which narrow our logic and awareness. This is why some people say that love is blind. On the other hand being in love is different because here your blinders come off, and you can have love as a choice and it requires your resolute attention.
When you say that you love someone or something, you can even say that you love a particular resort or your dog or even your favorite doll. But when you say you are in love, it usually conveys the meaning that you have given your heart to someone and think passionately about that person.
When you become a parent, love automatically flows within you, and though you may not be explicit about it, you will feel upset if your baby is upset and this continues for your lifetime. However, being in love can also be temporary madness.
When the spouses or partners are in love with each other, then slowly the roots start getting deeper. After the initial years, things season out and the leaves fall, but what is left is the tree which you discover is one and not two. So when in love is burned out, love is left.
When you are in love with someone, you feel that your life will fall apart if that person is not there in your life. Your love grows everyday and that person starts having a significant part in your life. You may become dependent on his or her decisions, feel lonely without them or cry when they are not around. However, simply loving someone means that you will protect that person because they mean a lot to you. But your life won’t fall apart if that person is not near you.
Love vs. lust
Love and lust are the two most confused concepts in all cultures around the world. And, yet, reams and reams of literature, innumerable works of art and scores of music have been created on these two concepts.
To begin with, while love is mainly a spiritual and mental feeling, lust is purely based on a physical need, unfortunately where most young people around the world trip. Confusing a physical feeling of lust as an attraction based on genuine emotion emanating from the heart and soul as love leads many young people to marry in haste and regret later.
Love requires discipline and commitment while lust needs no such positive attributes to manifest. Love is focused on the growth, improvement and comfort of the person who is the object of love. On the other hand, lust is focused on the satisfaction of the self and that too, mainly of the physical kind. Though, it may not necessarily be physical alone. Since love requires a commitment, a certain amount of discipline is necessary because you cannot harm the person you love whether physically or emotionally. In lust, no discipline is maintained as the person who is the object of lust becomes a subject of utility to be discarded once the purpose of self-satisfaction is fulfilled.
True Love inspires only positive emotions of joy, peace, serenity and friendship. Love becomes the fountainhead for individual progress and supports the universal positive attributes. On the other hand, lust inspires negative emotions though; a short-term feeling of exhilaration may be confused with love.
According to Eastern traditions of philosophy, love for an individual can translate into a universal love for all mankind and a higher love for god, while, lust can only translate into further depravity. While love leads to spirituality, lust leads to materialism. While love is an evolutionary positive force, lust is a destructive negative force.
Love vs. Obsession
Love is a feeling from the heart, and obsession can be termed as a crazy feeling. Though love and obsession are related in some aspects, the two can never be thought to be the same.
Love is a feeling that is uncontrollable, and a feeling which one has for another person. Love always means caring, supportive and giving. On the other hand, obsession is only a crazy idea where a person cannot think in an affectionate manner.
Love is a feeling when a person wants the best for the one he loves, and always wants them to be happy, even if they are not part of his life. On the other hand, obsession is a crazy feeling where the person wants the other to be his or her only. An obsessed person always thinks of having the beloved one on his or her side all day.
One may give more importance to the other's needs when in love. For the person who is in love, the other’s needs are given prominence. Whereas, an obsessed person gives more importance to his or her needs. Love is something that makes one feel good. Obsession makes one look like an idiot.
It can be said that love has no limits or boundaries. In love, there is complete freedom. Well, obsession is something that has its own limitations, and it is a condition where one feels like they have no freedom.
Obsession is also shrouded with jealousy. On the other hand, love is always pure, and it is the understanding between individuals. Persons, who are in love, trust each other blindly. On the contrary, an obsessive person will always want to know every detail about the other person. This only means that an obsessive relationship lacks trust.
11
You need to know / Re: 50 Things Everyone Should Know
« on: October 26, 2011, 01:20:05 PM »
Wow, it's interesting and also innovative. Glad to see the post.
12
You need to know / Re: Pregnant? Don't under-estimate yourself!
« on: October 26, 2011, 01:14:39 PM »
Thank you for posting such an important topics. I think it is essential for everybody to know or learn about it to ensure the secure maternity.
13
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Composition & Physical, Chemical, Thermal Properties of Cotton
« on: October 26, 2011, 01:01:27 PM »
Composition:
In the chemical structure of cotton, the maximum portion is cellulose and the rest is composed of different types of dust and wax like materials. The whole chemical construction of cotton can be described as follows:
Cellulose:80-90 %
Waxes & Fats: 0.5-1 %
Proteins: 0-1.5 %
Hemicelluloses & Pectin’s: 4-6 %
Water: 6-8 %
Ash & Mineral Matters: 1-1.8 %
Physical Properties:
Specific gravity: 1.52-1.55
Strength (Tenacity): 3.0 - 4.9 g/d (Cotton is 20% stronger when wet). Fiber elongation is almost linear to the stress imposed
Elasticity: Relatively low
Absorbency and MR%: 7-8% at standard conditions
Birefringence: 0.046
Dielectric constant: 3.9-7.5
Resistivity: Order of 109 ohm/cm3
Micronaire: 2.0 - 6.5 (upland cotton)
Denier: 0.7 - 2.3 (upland cotton)
Length: 0.9 - 1.2 in (upland cotton)
Diameter: 9.77 - 27.26µm
Coefficient of friction: 0.25 (for raw dry cotton, otherwise strongly changes for treated and/or wet fiber)
Breaking Extension: 5-7%
Resiliency: Relatively low
Dimensional Stability: Medium
Abrasion Resistance: Better
Chemical Properties:
Effect of Bleach: Cotton fiber is resistant to bleach & H2O2 , NaOCl , NaClO2 , Ca(OCl)Cl are used as bleaching agents.
Effect of Acid: Cotton fiber is dissolved in high concentrated mineral acid but organic acid cannot dissolve it.
Effect of Alkali: Cotton fiber is resistant to alkali. Scouring is done by using alkali for removing impurities.
Effect of Heat: Cotton fiber burns rapidly in air. It begins to turn yellow after several hours at 120oC and decomposes at 150oC.
Effect of Sunlight: Cotton fiber can absorb heat and energy from sunlight. But excess application of sunlight may degrade the polymer system of fiber as it is attacked by the UV- ray of sunlight.
Effect of Organic Solvent: Cotton fiber is well resistant to most organic solvent.
Dye ability: Reactive, Direct, Vat, Azoic, Mordant Dyes are used to dye cotton fiber. But the best dye for cotton fiber is Reactive Dye.
Thermal Properties:
Cotton requires particular temperature, humidity and possibly ventilation conditions.
Favorable travel temperature range: no lower limit < 25°C
Optimum travel temperature: 20°C
Auto ignition temperature (for oily cotton: 120°C
Glow temperature: 205°C
Fire point: 210°C
Ignition temperature: 407°C
At temperatures > 25°C, cotton dries out, becomes hard and brittle and losses elasticity. Light causes the same deterioration. The optimum temperature for mold development is 25 - 35°C.
Cotton is subject to self-heating/spontaneous combustion. The auto ignition temperature of oily cotton is 120°C.
At temperatures < 0°C there is no risk of wet bales rotting, since this process stops at low temperatures. In some cases, damaged cotton has been placed in intermediate cold storage, so preventing rot.
Every hold should be equipped with means for measuring temperature. Measurements must be performed and recorded daily.
In the chemical structure of cotton, the maximum portion is cellulose and the rest is composed of different types of dust and wax like materials. The whole chemical construction of cotton can be described as follows:
Cellulose:80-90 %
Waxes & Fats: 0.5-1 %
Proteins: 0-1.5 %
Hemicelluloses & Pectin’s: 4-6 %
Water: 6-8 %
Ash & Mineral Matters: 1-1.8 %
Physical Properties:
Specific gravity: 1.52-1.55
Strength (Tenacity): 3.0 - 4.9 g/d (Cotton is 20% stronger when wet). Fiber elongation is almost linear to the stress imposed
Elasticity: Relatively low
Absorbency and MR%: 7-8% at standard conditions
Birefringence: 0.046
Dielectric constant: 3.9-7.5
Resistivity: Order of 109 ohm/cm3
Micronaire: 2.0 - 6.5 (upland cotton)
Denier: 0.7 - 2.3 (upland cotton)
Length: 0.9 - 1.2 in (upland cotton)
Diameter: 9.77 - 27.26µm
Coefficient of friction: 0.25 (for raw dry cotton, otherwise strongly changes for treated and/or wet fiber)
Breaking Extension: 5-7%
Resiliency: Relatively low
Dimensional Stability: Medium
Abrasion Resistance: Better
Chemical Properties:
Effect of Bleach: Cotton fiber is resistant to bleach & H2O2 , NaOCl , NaClO2 , Ca(OCl)Cl are used as bleaching agents.
Effect of Acid: Cotton fiber is dissolved in high concentrated mineral acid but organic acid cannot dissolve it.
Effect of Alkali: Cotton fiber is resistant to alkali. Scouring is done by using alkali for removing impurities.
Effect of Heat: Cotton fiber burns rapidly in air. It begins to turn yellow after several hours at 120oC and decomposes at 150oC.
Effect of Sunlight: Cotton fiber can absorb heat and energy from sunlight. But excess application of sunlight may degrade the polymer system of fiber as it is attacked by the UV- ray of sunlight.
Effect of Organic Solvent: Cotton fiber is well resistant to most organic solvent.
Dye ability: Reactive, Direct, Vat, Azoic, Mordant Dyes are used to dye cotton fiber. But the best dye for cotton fiber is Reactive Dye.
Thermal Properties:
Cotton requires particular temperature, humidity and possibly ventilation conditions.
Favorable travel temperature range: no lower limit < 25°C
Optimum travel temperature: 20°C
Auto ignition temperature (for oily cotton: 120°C
Glow temperature: 205°C
Fire point: 210°C
Ignition temperature: 407°C
At temperatures > 25°C, cotton dries out, becomes hard and brittle and losses elasticity. Light causes the same deterioration. The optimum temperature for mold development is 25 - 35°C.
Cotton is subject to self-heating/spontaneous combustion. The auto ignition temperature of oily cotton is 120°C.
At temperatures < 0°C there is no risk of wet bales rotting, since this process stops at low temperatures. In some cases, damaged cotton has been placed in intermediate cold storage, so preventing rot.
Every hold should be equipped with means for measuring temperature. Measurements must be performed and recorded daily.
14
Textile science, events, trade and issues / Re: Bangladesh to renew campaign for duty-free GSP facilities in US market
« on: October 26, 2011, 12:28:44 PM »
It's a marvelous news for the expanding of the business value of BD in the market competition.
Thank you sir for such an important topics, you have shared with us, which will help us to know a lot about it
Thank you sir for such an important topics, you have shared with us, which will help us to know a lot about it
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