61
Solar / Re: NASA telescope to probe solar mystery
« on: February 12, 2014, 11:45:36 AM »
Solar system itself is full of mystery, some aspects are resolving by NASA. Great post.
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62
Life Science / Re: How brain wires up for better social behaviour decoded
« on: February 12, 2014, 11:41:21 AM »
Informative post.
63
Astronomy / Secrets On Saturn
« on: February 12, 2014, 11:10:16 AM »
Saturn was first observed by people before recorded history. It is the sixth planet from the sun, and the second largest in the solar system, a gas giant ranked behind only Jupiter. Saturn is composed primarily of hydrogen, with smaller amounts of helium and other trace elements. Its interior is made of a small core of rock and ice, surrounded by a thick layer of metallic hydrogen and a gaseous outer later. Saturn is best known for its prominent system of rings, which are mostly comprised of ice particles, rocky debris, and dust. Astronomers believe the rings may have been formed from larger moons that were shattered by impacts from comets and meteoroids. The planet also has at least 62 moons; most of them are quite small, but the largest is Titan, which is bigger than the planet mercury and is the only moon in the entire solar system to have a significant atmosphere.
Infrared radiation is an invisible form of light that we usually detect as heat, like the sun shining on our face, or the warmth of a campfire. It has all the same properties as visible light: for example, it can be focused and reflected. The only difference is that it has a longer wavelength, which means we can't see it with the naked eye. Light is made of tiny particles called photons, and the wavelength tells us how fast those particles are vibrating. The shorter the wavelength, the faster the particles are moving. Shorter light waves look blue, and longer ones look red. The wavelength of infrared light is so long that we can't see it at all. Any warm object gives off infrared radiation. By checking in the infrared spectrum, engineers can find heat leaks in buildings, doctors can find hidden tumors in the body, and biologists can locate diseased plants in a forest. Astronomers use infrared imaging to detect warm dust around new stars that are not yet "hot" enough to emit visible light.
Infrared radiation is an invisible form of light that we usually detect as heat, like the sun shining on our face, or the warmth of a campfire. It has all the same properties as visible light: for example, it can be focused and reflected. The only difference is that it has a longer wavelength, which means we can't see it with the naked eye. Light is made of tiny particles called photons, and the wavelength tells us how fast those particles are vibrating. The shorter the wavelength, the faster the particles are moving. Shorter light waves look blue, and longer ones look red. The wavelength of infrared light is so long that we can't see it at all. Any warm object gives off infrared radiation. By checking in the infrared spectrum, engineers can find heat leaks in buildings, doctors can find hidden tumors in the body, and biologists can locate diseased plants in a forest. Astronomers use infrared imaging to detect warm dust around new stars that are not yet "hot" enough to emit visible light.
64
Applied Science / Fog-Free Glass
« on: February 12, 2014, 11:03:55 AM »
MIT researchers have developed a new anti-fog glass coating that can transform water droplets into smooth transparent sheets of water. The coating can be used on everything from car windows, bathroom mirrors, eyeglasses, ski goggles, underwater masks, and inside car headlights to prevent fogging.
HOW FOG FORMS: Fog is caused when steam condenses on a cool surface and then forms miniscule water droplets because of the water's surface tension. Water molecules are more attracted to each other than to air molecules, so they form a spherical shape to maximize contact with other water molecules, leaving as few as possible exposed to air. It's impossible to stop water from condensing on a surface, but water molecules are also attracted to glass. If this attraction is enhanced, it can overcome the surface tension. Decreasing the water's surface tension flattens the naturally formed water droplets (fog) and creates a thin see-through layer of water instead.
HOW THE COATING WORKS: The new coating is "superhydrophilic:" It really loves water. It's made of a 3-D matrix of water-loving polymer chains mixed in with glass nanoparticles and tiny air bubbles. The edges of the tiny glass particles come in contact with many droplets of water and the water droplets flatten and join up to form sheets. The glass nanoparticles and air bubbles also can act like the holes in a sponge, sucking the droplets downward to wick away water.
OTHER USES: The MIT researchers can also tailor the coating to be "superhydrophobic" by adding a second thin layer of water-repelling molecules. Then the large surface area created by the roughness of the surface has the opposite effect, increasing the repulsion between water and glass, causing the water to form droplets. These could be used to form self-cleaning surfaces, where such big water droplets are formed that they roll off the surface and take the dirt with them.
HOW FOG FORMS: Fog is caused when steam condenses on a cool surface and then forms miniscule water droplets because of the water's surface tension. Water molecules are more attracted to each other than to air molecules, so they form a spherical shape to maximize contact with other water molecules, leaving as few as possible exposed to air. It's impossible to stop water from condensing on a surface, but water molecules are also attracted to glass. If this attraction is enhanced, it can overcome the surface tension. Decreasing the water's surface tension flattens the naturally formed water droplets (fog) and creates a thin see-through layer of water instead.
HOW THE COATING WORKS: The new coating is "superhydrophilic:" It really loves water. It's made of a 3-D matrix of water-loving polymer chains mixed in with glass nanoparticles and tiny air bubbles. The edges of the tiny glass particles come in contact with many droplets of water and the water droplets flatten and join up to form sheets. The glass nanoparticles and air bubbles also can act like the holes in a sponge, sucking the droplets downward to wick away water.
OTHER USES: The MIT researchers can also tailor the coating to be "superhydrophobic" by adding a second thin layer of water-repelling molecules. Then the large surface area created by the roughness of the surface has the opposite effect, increasing the repulsion between water and glass, causing the water to form droplets. These could be used to form self-cleaning surfaces, where such big water droplets are formed that they roll off the surface and take the dirt with them.
65
Textile Engineering / Re: A Big Future for Small Science: Nanotechnology in Textiles-1
« on: February 12, 2014, 10:48:12 AM »
Informative post for the fiber technology.
66
Textile Engineering / Metal Rubber
« on: February 12, 2014, 10:44:55 AM »
Materials engineers and chemists at NanoSonic, Inc., have developed a way to produce lightweight electrically conductive textiles that won't break or disintegrate when you wash or stretch them. This makes the textiles perfect for use in sensor-laden "smart clothes." An important component is the company's trademarked metal rubber, a substance that has the elasticity of rubber and ability of steel to conduct electricity/NanoSonic's metal rubber and e-textiles could find use in protective clothing; flexible antennae and circuits; flexible displays; electromagnetic shielding; biomedical sensors and health monitoring; and applications in outer space.
HOW IT'S MADE: Instead of just mixing different materials together, like in a blender, or weaving metal wire components into fabrics, NanoSonic's manufacturing technique is a bit like "growing" textiles in a makeshift washing machine. It's called "electrostatic self-assembly." By dipping the base material into baths of alternating electrons and protons, those nanoparticles with opposite charges attract and stick to each other like Velcro. So many different properties can be linked together without the material falling apart when it is washed or stretched. Each dip adds one layer. The e-textiles are lower in weight, with lower manufacturing costs and few byproducts, plus they can withstand repeated washings without falling apart.
EXAMPLES: In combat conditions, a U.S. solder clothed in layers of garments made from e-textiles could wear sensors close to the skin that monitor blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate. Another layer could be integrated into the Kevlar vest to register impact from a bullet or shrapnel. And sensors in an outer garment could "sniff" the air for toxic agents of chemical or biological warfare. It might also be possible to make a thicker but lightweight conductive fabric for electric power workers that would not limit their range of motion, but would reduce the effects of electric power line radiation.
ABOUT SELF-ASSEMBLY: There are two basic ways to manipulate matter. On the large scale, we pick things up with our hands and physically put them together. Nature uses self-assembly, assembling its structures molecule by tiny molecule. Spread out in a liquid, the miniature parts jostle about and come together in random configurations, gradually matching up through trial and error according to shape and electrical charges. It's as if you shook a box holding the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and looked in to find the puzzle had assembled itself. Yet biological systems, as well as several inorganic physical systems, exhibit self-assembling or self-ordering behavior all the time.
HOW IT'S MADE: Instead of just mixing different materials together, like in a blender, or weaving metal wire components into fabrics, NanoSonic's manufacturing technique is a bit like "growing" textiles in a makeshift washing machine. It's called "electrostatic self-assembly." By dipping the base material into baths of alternating electrons and protons, those nanoparticles with opposite charges attract and stick to each other like Velcro. So many different properties can be linked together without the material falling apart when it is washed or stretched. Each dip adds one layer. The e-textiles are lower in weight, with lower manufacturing costs and few byproducts, plus they can withstand repeated washings without falling apart.
EXAMPLES: In combat conditions, a U.S. solder clothed in layers of garments made from e-textiles could wear sensors close to the skin that monitor blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate. Another layer could be integrated into the Kevlar vest to register impact from a bullet or shrapnel. And sensors in an outer garment could "sniff" the air for toxic agents of chemical or biological warfare. It might also be possible to make a thicker but lightweight conductive fabric for electric power workers that would not limit their range of motion, but would reduce the effects of electric power line radiation.
ABOUT SELF-ASSEMBLY: There are two basic ways to manipulate matter. On the large scale, we pick things up with our hands and physically put them together. Nature uses self-assembly, assembling its structures molecule by tiny molecule. Spread out in a liquid, the miniature parts jostle about and come together in random configurations, gradually matching up through trial and error according to shape and electrical charges. It's as if you shook a box holding the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and looked in to find the puzzle had assembled itself. Yet biological systems, as well as several inorganic physical systems, exhibit self-assembling or self-ordering behavior all the time.
67
Applied Science / GRAPHITE FOAM
« on: February 12, 2014, 10:36:15 AM »
Scientists say graphite foam is the only material in nature that both absorbs sound and conducts heat. The foam costs about two or three times more than aluminum, but has a wide variety of possible applications. It can be used in plumbing, electronics, and cookware. Lockheed Martin space systems used the material to create a radiator for use in satellites, and they plan on using it for the first time next year.
A hard drive is a storage device that rapidly records data as magnetic pulses on spinning metal platters, usually made of ceramic and aluminum. It is the heart of the computer, pumping vital data to the rest of the system. A motor spins the platters at speeds ranging from 4,500 to 15,000 rotations per minute. Data is stored and retrieved from the platter by a read/write head, which moves over grooves in the spinning platters much like a record player's needle. A fast-spinning drive can access and transfer data quickly -- but it also generates a substantial amount of heat, which causes the components to expand. That's why most computers have cooling systems, like the power supply fan that keeps air flowing through the casing. Introducing new materials like graphite foam allows engineers to build thinner and more heat-resistant platters with the aim of improving performance.
A hard drive is a storage device that rapidly records data as magnetic pulses on spinning metal platters, usually made of ceramic and aluminum. It is the heart of the computer, pumping vital data to the rest of the system. A motor spins the platters at speeds ranging from 4,500 to 15,000 rotations per minute. Data is stored and retrieved from the platter by a read/write head, which moves over grooves in the spinning platters much like a record player's needle. A fast-spinning drive can access and transfer data quickly -- but it also generates a substantial amount of heat, which causes the components to expand. That's why most computers have cooling systems, like the power supply fan that keeps air flowing through the casing. Introducing new materials like graphite foam allows engineers to build thinner and more heat-resistant platters with the aim of improving performance.
68
Latest Technology / Uncovering Hi-Tech Messages
« on: February 12, 2014, 10:28:30 AM »
It’s like James Bond meets Bill Nye the Science Guy. Students and professors at Harvard’s School of Engineering and Applied Science have created a chip that can test chemicals and be used as an encryption device! We’ll show you how a gemstone makes it all possible.
Inside a not-so-secret lab at Harvard University, we find an international man of mystery. Engineering and applied science grad student Ian Burgess is working with a team on some pretty sophisticated stuff.
“We’re actually creating opal,” Joanna Aizenberg, a material scientist at Harvard University told Ivanhoe.
Material scientist Joanna Aizenberg says the synthetic opals are actually inversed in shape and full of pores so liquids can penetrate them. They’re grown on chips and shimmer in the light. When wiped with chemical solutions (like a mixture of five percent water and 95 percent ethanol) secret messages embedded in the chips appear. Different concentrations can reveal different messages on the same chip. Then it all disappears when dried. It’s called watermark ink. W-Ink for short. Ian says it works because of chemistry and surface tension. Some liquids bead up, others flatten on surfaces. “And so that made us very excited because everything has surface tension,” Ian Burgess, a Harvard grad student told Ivanhoe. While experimenting with W-Ink’s wet encryption capabilities another discovery was made. If programmed a certain way. The invention could be used to identify hazardous chemicals.
“We realized that actually it might also be very well used for this application,” Burgess said.It can tell you about unknown liquids spilled in the lab or if you’re getting the gas you paid for.“(It’s) something that you can use in the field that gives immediate read out,” Aizenberg concluded. From quality control to encryption, W-Ink’s possibilities might even make James Bond’s “Q” jealous. Chemists, material scientists, electrical engineers and mechanical engineers all played roles in developing W-Ink. Ian says he’s already been contacted by companies interested in its liquid identifying capabilities.
Inside a not-so-secret lab at Harvard University, we find an international man of mystery. Engineering and applied science grad student Ian Burgess is working with a team on some pretty sophisticated stuff.
“We’re actually creating opal,” Joanna Aizenberg, a material scientist at Harvard University told Ivanhoe.
Material scientist Joanna Aizenberg says the synthetic opals are actually inversed in shape and full of pores so liquids can penetrate them. They’re grown on chips and shimmer in the light. When wiped with chemical solutions (like a mixture of five percent water and 95 percent ethanol) secret messages embedded in the chips appear. Different concentrations can reveal different messages on the same chip. Then it all disappears when dried. It’s called watermark ink. W-Ink for short. Ian says it works because of chemistry and surface tension. Some liquids bead up, others flatten on surfaces. “And so that made us very excited because everything has surface tension,” Ian Burgess, a Harvard grad student told Ivanhoe. While experimenting with W-Ink’s wet encryption capabilities another discovery was made. If programmed a certain way. The invention could be used to identify hazardous chemicals.
“We realized that actually it might also be very well used for this application,” Burgess said.It can tell you about unknown liquids spilled in the lab or if you’re getting the gas you paid for.“(It’s) something that you can use in the field that gives immediate read out,” Aizenberg concluded. From quality control to encryption, W-Ink’s possibilities might even make James Bond’s “Q” jealous. Chemists, material scientists, electrical engineers and mechanical engineers all played roles in developing W-Ink. Ian says he’s already been contacted by companies interested in its liquid identifying capabilities.
69
Applied Science / Rapid and Simple Toxicity Detection
« on: February 04, 2014, 04:37:10 PM »
Modern Water (UK) design, develop and provision analytical instruments and technologies for monitoring toxicity in water, soil, food and industry. Their systems use bioluminescent bacteria to perform biosensor testing that detects the presence of toxic substances.
Biosensor tests using bioluminescent bacteria have been in use for 30 years and their capability in detecting toxic substances is well understood. They use the principle that certain strains of bacteria emit light when healthy. When they are exposed to toxic substances, the amount of light emitted reduces. The greater the toxicity of the sample, the lower the light emitted. Measuring changes in light between healthy bacteria and bacteria exposed to toxic substances will therefore indicate the presence of a toxicant in a water sample.
Modern Water's Microtox M500 toxicity test system is the industry standard for laboratory-based rapid toxicity screening and analysis. It is a temperature-controlled, self-calibrating photometer that measures acute toxicity. Microtox M500 is used to monitor for either accidental or deliberate contamination of both water supplies and waste water.
DeltaTox II is the portable, acute toxicity analyser used with the Microtox technology. It is a simple, rapid, extremely responsive, portable water quality test system and, in addition to acute toxicity screening, it can also be used to monitor microbial contamination through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing.
Later on this year Modern Water will also launch its new Microtox CTM which is a site-based, broad range Continuous Toxicity Monitor (CTM). It applies the principles of Microtox bioluminescent testing to real-time, online applications. Fully automated, it can operate onsite for up to 28 days without operator intervention or maintenance. For rapid toxicity testing choose Microtox – over 3,000 units sold worldwide.
Biosensor tests using bioluminescent bacteria have been in use for 30 years and their capability in detecting toxic substances is well understood. They use the principle that certain strains of bacteria emit light when healthy. When they are exposed to toxic substances, the amount of light emitted reduces. The greater the toxicity of the sample, the lower the light emitted. Measuring changes in light between healthy bacteria and bacteria exposed to toxic substances will therefore indicate the presence of a toxicant in a water sample.
Modern Water's Microtox M500 toxicity test system is the industry standard for laboratory-based rapid toxicity screening and analysis. It is a temperature-controlled, self-calibrating photometer that measures acute toxicity. Microtox M500 is used to monitor for either accidental or deliberate contamination of both water supplies and waste water.
DeltaTox II is the portable, acute toxicity analyser used with the Microtox technology. It is a simple, rapid, extremely responsive, portable water quality test system and, in addition to acute toxicity screening, it can also be used to monitor microbial contamination through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing.
Later on this year Modern Water will also launch its new Microtox CTM which is a site-based, broad range Continuous Toxicity Monitor (CTM). It applies the principles of Microtox bioluminescent testing to real-time, online applications. Fully automated, it can operate onsite for up to 28 days without operator intervention or maintenance. For rapid toxicity testing choose Microtox – over 3,000 units sold worldwide.
70
Applied Science / Make Paper Obsolete
« on: February 04, 2014, 04:24:09 PM »
Imagine curling up on the couch with the morning paper and then using the same sheet of paper to read the latest novel by your favorite author. That's one possibility of electronic paper, a flexible display that looks very much like real paper but can be reused over and over. The display contains many tiny microcapsules filled with particles that carry electric charges bonded to a steel foil. Each microcapsule has white and black particles that are associated with either a positive or negative charge. Depending on which charge is applied; the black or white particles surface displaying different patterns. In the United States alone, more than 55 million newspapers are sold each weekday.
71
Latest Technology / KATE: A New Humanoid Robot from
« on: February 04, 2014, 03:53:53 PM »
As FutureBots Labs' solo roboticst, Dan Mathias has been toiling away for almost 10 years to develop humanoid robots (such as the ATOM-7XP humanoid) out of his lab. Today Dan has a special announcement: FutureBot Labs has developed a new humanoid robot named KATE, the "Kids Avatar Teacher and Entertainer." We're highlighting Dan's latest robot for three reasons: First, FutureBots is trying to become a legit robotics business with real products for entertainment, education, research, and healthcare. That's a tough nut to crack on a personal budget and as a solo engineer! Hopefully a little exposure will help FutureBots find some much-needed assistance on a number of fronts. Second, we are impressed with Dan's (solo!) engineering efforts over the years. He's clearly a dedicated and capable roboticist. Third, we've been unable to previously cover his robots' (seemingly-incremental) progress, so we're happy that KATE's unveiling gives us occasion to write about FutureBots Labs.
72
Teaching & Research Forum / Re: My research article
« on: February 04, 2014, 10:49:02 AM »
The journal you published has a significant view on polymer science. Go ahead...
73
Blood Pressure / Re: Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients
« on: April 16, 2013, 04:55:49 PM »
informative post.
74
Blood Pressure / Re: "পেঁপে হৃদরোগের ঝুঁকি কমায় "
« on: April 16, 2013, 04:55:02 PM »
great to know that information.
75
Blood Pressure / Re: Watermelon reduce the high blood pressure
« on: April 16, 2013, 04:53:46 PM »
thanks for the post.