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Topics - parvez.te

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Textile Engineering / Characteristics of a leader
« on: June 03, 2018, 11:51:29 AM »
A requirement for leadership is personal vision - the ability to visualize your goal as an accomplished fact; a thing already achieved.
According to Theodore M. Hesburgh, leader can be defined as "The very essence of leadership is that you have to have vision. You can't blow an uncertain trumpet."

Some characteristics of a leader are as follow:

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    Summary: এখানে পুরা প্রস্তাবের সারাংশ ১ পৃষ্ঠায় লিখতে হবে সংক্ষেপে ।
    Introduction: প্রস্তাবের ভূমিকাংশে ১ থেকে দেড় পৃষ্ঠার মধ্যে লিখবেন প্রস্তাবের মোদ্দা কথা, প্রাথমিক আলোচনা ।
    Motivation: কেন এইটা দরকার, তাহা এখানে লিখবেন ।
    Related Work: এই বিষয়ে কী কাজ হয়েছে ও তাতে সমস্যা কী, তা এখানে থাকবে ।
    Approach: আপনি কিভাবে কাজ করবেন ?
    Benefits: আপনার পদ্ধতিতে কাজ করে কী সুবিধা হবে ?
    Timeline: কবে, কতদিনে, এবং কিভাবে কাজটা করবেন, তার খুঁটিনাটি পরিকল্পনা ।
    Budget: কাজটা করতে টাকা বা রিসোর্স কতটুকু লাহবে।
    Evaluation Plan: কাজটা ঠিকমতো হয়েছে কি না, তা কিভাবে বুঝবেন, তার কথা থাকবে এখানে ।

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Textile Engineering / CUPRO - What is Cupro ?
« on: May 20, 2018, 12:42:54 PM »
Cupro is commonly known as a Japanese based developped material. - It is a kind of Rayon (Viscose ) group of Fibres.
It is more like Liocell , it is reprocessed cellulose. It is made from regenerated cellulose fiber .

Cuprammonium, gives the name to the fibre Cupro , it is used in making of process the wood pulp which is the base material. With the process, the wood pulp is dissolved in an ammoniac copper oxide solution.

Cupro fabric breathes like cotton, drapes beautifully, and feels like silk on your skin. Its slinky, curve-hugging drape makes it great for elegant dresses and blouses.

What is Cupro ? : Cupro is a regenerated cellulose fiber, soft, strong and silky, produced by treating cotton cellulose with cuprammonium salts. It is also called Cuprammonium Rayon. Cupro was first made in 1890s in Japan and Italy.
Trade names are used within the rayon industry to determine the type of rayon used: • BEMBERG, for example, is a trade name for cupramonium rayon that is only produced in Italy. • MODAL is a widely used form of rayon produced by Lenzing Fibers Corp. which is based in northern Austria. Galaxy, Danufil, and Viloft are rayon brands produced by Kelheim Fibres, a German manufacturer. • GRASIM (India) is the largest producer of rayon in the world (claiming 24% market share). -

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Rapid growing world has been changing dramatically. E-commerce is making life easy for this busy corporate world. If time is the ultimate luxury and people want a higher return on investment of their time, you need to give them a reason to be in a physical space. That’s why retail world is designing both spot location and online portal. Here are mentioned bellow some factors to be considered for getting the best benefit from E-commerce.
1. Experience
2. Develop a community
3. Tendency to take risk
4. Customize the failure
5. Proper employee management
6. In time training
7. Welcoming partner

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Bangladesh RMG industry is advancing positively. Safety in workplace is a major priority for the industry. A training program has been launched for some eight lakh readymade garment workers in Bangladesh. This training is expected to contribute greatly to that goal as both workers and employers will benefit from improved safety practices. In Bangladesh the readymade garment industry accounts for 80 per cent of exports and, as a result, is of paramount importance to the economic health of the country. Despite its economic importance, or perhaps because of it, enforcement of building codes for factories has historically been lax, leading to an entire industry rife with unsafe working conditions.
The lack of fire safety was well known due to a long record of fatal factory fires, including a fire in late 2012 that killed 112 workers. By early 2013, several international retailers with supply chains based in Bangladesh factories had already embarked on fire inspection programs, but until the Rana Plaza tragedy no one considered structural safety to be a fundamental concern.

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Textile Engineering / Employment in RMG factories
« on: March 24, 2018, 12:24:38 PM »
All workers must be given appointment letters
 
A survey carried out by the Mansusher Jonno Foundation has found that more than 72 percent of garment workers do not have any appointment letters. The survey covered 770 workers in Dhaka, Chittagong, Gazipur and Narayanganj, and found that the bulk of these workers could only produce their identity cards as proof of employment. This comes as a surprise as it is mandatory for BGMEA and BKMEA factories to provide appointment letters to workers employed by member companies.

Things have improved in a lot of ways in the sector after the disastrous Rana Plaza incident. The Accord and Alliance initiatives have worked with the sector to improve safety standards and make the RMG sector better in many ways. However, as the latest survey shows, management practices, when dealing with workers' basic rights still need a lot of improvements. Most workers have no idea about the existing provisions of the labour law, and given that there no trade union in these factories the RMG owners have no central bargaining agent. Hence, they cannot present their demands coherently to their employers.

This is an area that policymakers need to look into. While it is an undeniable fact that the garments sector provides the bulk of our exports earnings, it is also true that RMG workers have serious grievances about the threat of sudden termination. The government should form a separate monitoring cell to oversee that workers are given all necessary documents to establish their bona fide as entitled under the law.

The Daily Star

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Recently skin-like fabric material that cools the body more efficiently is developed by a team of multidisciplinary researchers at Stanford University.

Science journal, the researchers from Stanford report that they used nonporous polyethylene to develop a textile material which aides radiative cooling while maintaining breathability, wicking and necessary mechanical strength.

According to the report in Science, the researchers have also devised an instrument to simulate skin temperature. The use of nonporous polyethylene fabric resulted in the lowering of skin temperature by about 2.7 degree centigrade when compared with another commonly used next-to-skin fabric.

According to Yi Cui, an associate professor of materials science at Stanford and the lead author of the study, the fabric effectively cools the person, which makes cooling the building unnecessary thereby saving energy.

Nonporous plastic textile transports the body heat as infrared rays due to the nanostructured polyethylene. Researchers modified the polyethylene material that is commonly used in battery development which enables it to be opaque to visible light but transparent to infrared rays so that the heat can be dissipated.

According to Professor Shanhui Fan, professor of electrical engineering at Stanford, who co-authored the study, this research can lead to the development of new materials that can trap or let go infrared radiations.

The research is multidisciplinary one involving photonics, nanotechnology and chemistry. Indeed, it shows that new developments in advanced textiles can come from schools that are nontraditional textile strongholds, reflecting the nature of the next phase of textile research and development.

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Textile Engineering / Present trend of textile education in Bangladesh
« on: March 21, 2018, 11:23:01 AM »
Bangladesh is the world 2nd largest apparel exporters. Our economy is largely dependent on the textile and RMG sector. For meeting the huge demand of manpower in textile and RMG sector the textile educational institute is raising at an alarming rate. However, unfortunately it is true that there are many foreigners from India, Pakistan, Srilanka working in our county and we have to pay a lot to them. If you visit the international textile job portals you may find how Bangladesh is a lucrative place for the Indians and Pakistanis! It is a misfortune for us that our largest contributing sector on GDP is largely dependent on the foreign experts. In some extent the factory management are bound to recruit foreign expert and also in some cases they recruit just for adding value and making the factory attractive to the buyers. Now, it is a demand of time to produce international standard experts in textile fields. Here international quality experts do not means to be sound only in technical aspects. It is true that the factory management recruits textile engineering not to make technical experts but to make a very good manager. And after a certain period the engineers are need not to solve the technical problems any more but he must has a very transparent knowledge on the products costing, manufacturing plan, product quality, time management and most importantly profit of the factory. This is why in textile sectors textile experts are badly needed. So from the above discussion we learnt that our main problems is in lacking of international standard textile experts. Now if we thing that we will solve the problems by producing graduates as many as we can then only it will decrease their value in job market and the demands of international standard textile experts will not mitigate any longer.

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Pink boll worm infestation is influencing the cotton production in India, this year (October 2017-September 2018). Since the December 2017 estimate, cotton production has been revised downwards due to crop damage in some major cotton growing states.

Mumbai-based Cotton Association of India (CAI) estimated that this year’s cotton production would be 36.2 million bales (170 Kgs each) as against its December estimate of 37.5 million bales. Lat month, CAI estimated the crop to be 36.7 million bales. Speaking via telephone in the early hours of today, a key market watcher in India stated that the lower estimate was expected as the governments of Maharashtra and Telangana advised cotton farmers to remove the plants in January to avoid furthering and spreading of pink boll worm infestation to save Rabi and subsequent Kharif crops.

While the infestation has been serious in some major southern states, proactive measures taken in Gujarat and Northern states after 2016-17 infestation the issue has been less serious there. Cotton experts have requested cotton growing states to take precautionary measures now so that the issue will be under control in the next cotton growing season.

According to Atul Ganatra, President of CAI, “the lowered crop estimate is mainly due to crop damage because of severe pink boll worm infestation and scarcity of water in some states.”

While the production is expected to be lower, good news is that domestic consumption in India is on the rise due to new spinning mills in Gujarat and other states which has resulted in 3.5 million additional spindles in India.

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Nano-Care Deutschland AG , a mid-sized company based in Saarwellingen will offer a coating system for water and oil repellency that aims to revolutionize textile finishing. “Removal of ‘C8 fluorocarbon technology’, which will be banned due to its emissions of PFOS and PFOA, leaves a significant performance gap in the market,” says Oliver Sonntag, Nano-Care Director. “The great challenge for us has been to retain existing high standards of oil repellency – whilst eliminating long-chain fluorination. We have solved this problem by creating a special silicon dioxide backbone.” The result – Nanoflex F-Bond, marketed under the umbrella brand INTELLIGENT HYBRIDS is based on liquid concentrates and is applied using common industrial dipping methods. For many years there has been strong pressure for innovation in the textile finishing sector to meet increasing regulation and ecological demands. As a spin-off from the Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Nano-Care Deutschland AG sees a market potential amounting to the hundreds of millions Euros. “Our particular focus is on military, work-wear and health sectors which have to satisfy especially high performance requirements and currently have only temporary permission to use C8 technologies. Their elimination – particularly outside the European Union – is an important step towards achieving ‘ecological sustainability’ in the textile industry.”

Nano-Care Deutschland AG has been developing innovative coatings for textiles and other surfaces since its founding in the year 2000. On reorganizing its corporate structure at the beginning of 2018, the new Textile Effects’ department will develop further specialization in the sector. Specifically the company partners “private label” clients, be they manufacturers of surface coatings, distributors of chemical products or users of high-tech surface finishes. Currently, companies and consumers in more than 65 countries benefit from their multi-functional performance advantages.

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Bangladesh clothing manufacturers are facing tough times demanding fair price for clothing supplied by them. Additionally, they are in tremendous pressure from global buyers to improve conditions at workplace, after the Rana Plaza building collapse in 2013. Local apparel makers say, over $1 billion has been invested so far to renovate and retrofit their factories as per the demand of Western buyers, retailers and brands. Yet, retailers and brands have not increased the price. Buyers are still paying the traditional low prices for products and earning huge profits. A shirt costing $3 or $5 is being sold between $25 and $30.

The same is the case with high-end value added products, which is 30 per cent of the total volume of garment items exported per annum from Bangladesh. MNCs pay between $8 and $12 to local manufacturers for purchasing a piece of value added high-end shirt and retailers sell the same shirts at $100 sometimes even at $150, garment makers said. According to manufacturers and economists, the faulty global supply chain is to be blamed. Economist RehmanSobhan, highlighting this very point says the current business model forces suppliers to squeeze their workers as much as they can because they have to produce the shirt at $5. There needs to be investigation into this matter to resolve issues faced by manufacturers.

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Mélange yarns and color-effect yarns are a growing trend in the garment industry. In order to have an optimum mélange yarn, the fibers have to be mixed carefully in the right proportions at the beginning of the spinning process. Even small shade variations or color deviations of the yarns may result in poor quality of the fabric after knitting or weaving. Another common reason for poor quality can arise during the winding process, where bobbins with similar looking color or shades are accidentally mixed up. Shade variations may be visible as disturbing stripes in the final product. Depending on the fabric and on the magnitude of the variation, the final quality might be so poor, that the fabric cannot be used at all. Even small variations in the shade of the yarn, which cannot be detected by the human eye when looking at the bobbin, can result in poor quality. Complaints about yarn quality can be expensive for the spinning mill. To guarantee high quality even in this difficult field Loepfe now offers a new optional feature in the yarn clearer YarnMaster ZENIT+. The OffColor detection is able to detect and eliminate very small color and shade variations in the yarn during the winding process. The new feature uses the F-Sensor, which is already integrated in the YarnMaster ZENIT+. Therefore spinning mills, which already use the yarn clearer for quality control during winding, can update their devices with this new functionality.
The new OffColor detection has been extensively tested with a large number of bobbins with mélange yarn. The bobbins, which have been made available by a customer, had the same color, but small shade variations as the black portion of the mélange yarn varied slightly from dark to light grey. During the test runs, which have been conducted at Loepfe´s headquarter in Wetzikon, Switzerland, the YarnMaster ZENIT+with the new optional OffColor feature was able to detect even the smallest shade variations very reliably. All other functions of the yarn clearer have been disabled during the tests. This is the ultimate proof that the new functionality works properly. The new feature does not depend on the color of the yarn. In addition to the tests conducted at Loepfe´s headquarter some clients have already tested the new functionality during normal operation in the spinning mill. These clients confirm, that the OffColor feature works absolutely reliably and clear yarns of wrong colors or shades during the winding process. Between 10 % and 15 % of the spinning mills actually produce colored yarns or mélange yarns. “The new YarnMaster ZENIT+with the OffColor feature is an absolute must for spinning mills, which are aiming for constantly high quality in the production of mélange yarns or colored yarns”, says Gianni Heusser, product manager at Loepfe. The new feature makes the YarnMaster ZENIT+yarn clearer even more versatile. It is able to ensure high quality output at a spinning mill, by eliminating all yarn faults during the winding process.

The new OffColor detection has been extensively tested with a large number of bobbins with mélange yarn. The bobbins, which have been made available by a customer, had the same color, but small shade variations as the black portion of the mélange yarn varied slightly from dark to light grey. During the test runs, which have been conducted at Loepfe´s headquarter in Wetzikon, Switzerland, the YarnMaster ZENIT+with the new optional OffColor feature was able to detect even the smallest shade variations very reliably. All other functions of the yarn clearer have been disabled during the tests. This is the ultimate proof that the new functionality works properly. The new feature does not depend on the color of the yarn. In addition to the tests conducted at Loepfe´s headquarter some clients have already tested the new functionality during normal operation in the spinning mill. These clients confirm, that the OffColor feature works absolutely reliably and clear yarns of wrong colors or shades during the winding process. Between 10 % and 15 % of the spinning mills actually produce colored yarns or mélange yarns. “The new YarnMaster ZENIT+with the OffColor feature is an absolute must for spinning mills, which are aiming for constantly high quality in the production of mélange yarns or colored yarns”, says Gianni Heusser, product manager at Loepfe. The new feature makes the YarnMaster ZENIT+yarn clearer even more versatile. It is able to ensure high quality output at a spinning mill, by eliminating all yarn faults during the winding process.

Tex Source...

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GOTS is the stringent voluntary global standard for the entire post-harvest processing (including spinning, knitting, weaving, dyeing and manufacturing) of apparel and home textiles made with organic fibre (such as organic cotton and organic wool), and includes both environmental and social criteria. According to the report by GOTS, the number of facilities certified to GOTS shows an increase of 8.2%, from 4,642 facilities in 2016 to 5,024 facilities in 2017. GOTS certified facilities are located in 62 countries around the world with continuous growth in both production as well as consuming regions.

screenshot-12GOTS certification covers the processing of certified organic fibres along the entire supply chain from field to finished product.Countries or regions with the largest increase in GOTS certification in 2017 are (in rank order): Bangladesh (+40%), North America (+39%), Portugal (+39%), Europe (+29%).

screenshot-11The top ten countries in terms of total number of certified facilitiesare: India (1658),Bangladesh (534), Germany (480), Turkey (445), Italy (307), China (292), Pakistan (194), Portugal (180), USA(99) and South Korea (69).

“The growing numberof GOTS certifications shows that GOTS is taken as a solution for managing risks, reputation and market differentiation. We are very pleased with the development in North America. It will have the same pull effect as also seen in Europe by creating increasing capacities in the producing countries” said GOTS Director Claudia Kersten at the GOTS Annual Meeting in Charleston, South Carolina.

India has consistently maintained its position at the top since year 2008. “India is the largest exporter of organic textiles, but I shall also be focussing on domestic consumption of certified organic clothing this year”, said Sumit Gupta, GOTS Representative in India& Bangladesh. Bangladesh has touched the number two spot for the first time, leaving behind Turkey and Germany. “The textile industry in the country has enhanced focus on sustainability now and more companies are able to comply with GOTS criteria for environment and social compliance”, Sumit Gupta continues.

In 2017 the 19 GOTS accredited independent Certification Bodies reported more than 1.74 million people working in GOTS certified facilities.  The number of chemicals on the GOTS Positive Listalso shows an increase of 14% to more than 17,900 from 720 manufacturers. The GOTS Positive List contains tradenames of approved chemicals that must be used by all textile processors for their GOTS certified production.

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Textile Engineering / Lifeline to Bangladesh Economy (RMG Sector)
« on: March 12, 2018, 01:32:57 PM »
Lifeline to Bangladesh Economy...

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বিশ্বের কোন দেশ অর্থনৈতিক এবং সামাজিকভাবে কতটা অগ্রগতি করেছে সেটি মূল্যায়নের জন্য জাতিসংঘের অর্থনৈতিক এবং সামাজিক পরিষদের উন্নয়ন নীতি বিষয়ক কমিটি বা সিডিপি আজ নিউইয়র্কে বৈঠকে বসতে যাচ্ছে।

এ বৈঠকের মাধ্যমে বাংলাদেশ স্বল্পোন্নত দেশ থেকে উন্নয়নশীল দেশের কাতারে উঠে আসার স্বীকৃতি মিলবে বলে সরকারী কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন।

কিন্তু এই স্বীকৃতির ফলে কি লাভ হবে বাংলাদেশের?

বিবিসি'র আকবর হোসেনের প্রশ্নের উত্তরে অর্থনীতিবিদ ড: আহসান মনসুর বলছেন, বিষয়টি কোন দেশের জন্য গৌরবের। জাতি হিসেবে সবাই চায় নিজেদের মর্যাদা ও গৌরব প্রতিষ্ঠিত করতে।

তবে, এর ফলে বস্তুগত কোন উন্নয়ন বা সুবিধা আলাদা করে বাংলাদেশ পাবে বলে তিনি মনে করেন না। কিন্তু এই স্বীকৃতি বাংলাদেশকে আন্তর্জাতিক পরিমণ্ডলে সম্মানিত করবে।
স্বল্পোন্নত থেকে উন্নয়নশীল দেশে উত্তরণের জন্য তিনটি সূচক বিবেচনা করা হয়।

তিন বছরের গড় মাথাপিছু জাতীয় আয়, মানবসম্পদ সূচক, যাতে পুষ্টি, স্বাস্থ্য, স্কুলে ভর্তি ও শিক্ষার হারের সমন্বয়ে তৈরি হয়, এবং অর্থনৈতিক ভঙ্গুরতা সূচক, যেটি প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ, বাণিজ্য ও অর্থনৈতিক আঘাত, জনসংখ্যার পরিমাণ এবং বিশ্ববাজার থেকে একটি দেশের দূরত্বের ওপর ভিত্তি করে তৈরি করা হয়।

কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন, এই প্রতিটিতে বাংলাদেশ অগ্রগতি করেছে।

যদিও ড: মনসুর বলছেন, এই স্বীকৃতি পাবার জন্য বাংলাদেশের লম্বা সময় লেগেছে। স্বাধীনতার পর ৪৭ বছর পেরিয়ে গেছে।

কিন্তু ড: মনসুর বলছেন, বাংলাদেশের অর্থনীতির প্রাথমিক অবস্থা অত্যন্ত প্রতিকূল ছিল। তাছাড়া গত দশ বা পনের বছরে উন্নয়নের ধারা যেমন অব্যাহত ছিল, সেটি যদি আরো আগে শুরু হত, তাহলে বাংলাদেশ এই স্বীকৃতি আগেই পেতে পারত।

জাতিসংঘের এ কমিটি প্রতি তিন বছর পর-পর বৈঠকে বসে।

একটি বিশেষজ্ঞ টেকনিক্যাল কমিটির মাধ্যমে উন্নয়নশীল দেশের স্বীকৃতি পাবার পর যেকোন দেশের মূল্যায়ন হয়। ২০২১ সালে এ বিষয়ে প্রথম রিভিউ হবে, বাংলাদেশ সব ক্ষেত্রে তা অর্জনকে কতটা সুদৃঢ় করেছে, এরপর ২০২৪ সালে আরেকটি মূল্যায়ন হবে।

এই দুটি পর্যালোচনায় উৎরে গেলে ২০২৪ সালে জাতিসংঘের সাধারণ পরিষদে তখন প্রস্তাব করা হবে উন্নয়নশীল দেশ হিসেবে বাংলাদেশকে স্থায়ী স্বীকৃতি দেবার জন্য।

বর্তমানে স্বল্পোন্নত দেশ হিসেবে বাংলাদেশ রপ্তানীসহ বিভিন্ন খাতে অর্থনৈতিক সুবিধা পায়। যেমন তৈরি পোশাক রপ্তানীর ক্ষেত্রে বিশেষ সুবিধা পায় বাংলাদেশ, যেটি বাংলাদেশের প্রধান রপ্তানী আয়ের সংস্থান করে।

নতুন স্বীকৃতির ফলে স্বল্পোন্নত দেশ হিসেবে পাওয়া সেসব সুবিধা বন্ধ হয়ে যেতে পারে বলে আশংকাও করেন অনেকে।

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