Daffodil International University
Fair and Events => Fair and Events => Textile science, events, trade and issues => Topic started by: sonia_tex on October 16, 2011, 08:15:05 AM
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Textiles are typically comprised of fibers, either artificial or natural, that are worked together to produce a thread. Threads are then joined together using an array of processes, such as spinning, weaving or knitting, to create the final textile, which is essentially a kind of fabric. Any product that is primarily composed of linked fibers is typically called a textile.
However, types of fiber can vary, resulting in numerous textile materials. There are four categories from which most fiber materials are made: animal, plant, mineral and synthetic.
Animal-Based Textiles:
Animal-based textile material, such as wool and silk, are commonly manufactured from animal hair, fur, or another animal byproduct. In the case of silk, the fibers are taken from the cocoons of Chinese silkworms. Wool fiber is created from sheep or goat hair, some of which features lanolin, a substance that lends some wool a waterproof characteristic. Some animal fur and products are simply used in their basic form and aren’t worked into threads; leather, for example undergoes a completely different process than wool-based textiles. Down goose feathers are often used within pillows and quilts for added warmth, but are also processed differently.
Wool is the most widely used fiber in animal textile because of its unique characteristics. Some types of wool absorb moisture, whereas others are practically water-resistant. Wool does not burn—instead, it smolders. It is lightweight and wear resistant, and can withstand dirt and heavy use. Additionally, it is not prone to wrinkling, a characteristic that makes wool desirable in clothing fabrication.
Silk is also an extremely versatile material, with unique thermal properties: silk garments provide warmth in the winter, yet are cool to wear in the summer. Silk is also the strongest natural fiber, has an aesthetically appealing sheen, and can be dyed, making it useful for garment manufacturing. However, it is moisture absorbent and has low sunlight resistance.
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Plant-Based and Mineral-Based Textiles
Plant-based fibers are the most common type of textile fiber because plants produce more fibers than other natural sources, such as animals and minerals. Perhaps the most easily recognized source of plant fiber, cotton is used in countless clothing applications because of the soft and durable nature of its fibers. Cotton’s high absorbency makes it a key choice for manufacturing towels, while its softness makes it preferable for use in sheets and blankets. It is extremely strong and durable, enabling cotton products to withstand wear and tear while also absorbing perspiration. However, cotton wrinkles easily, making it less desirable for certain kinds of applications.
Tree fiber, such as pulpwood, as well as cotton and hemp, are essential fibers in manufacturing paper. Plant fiber, such as grass and sisal, are key elements in making rope and twine, while plant fiber from straw and bamboo and coconuts (coir) can be found in high wear applications, such as doormats and kinds of flooring. Other plant-based fibers serve as additives in the manufacturing of textiles. Acetate, for example, is used during the fabrication of silk to increase the material’s sheen.
Mineral-based textiles, such as asbestos, are commonly used in the development of panels, siding and sheets, especially in conjunction with vinyl. Additionally, metal-based fiber is used to manufacture metal foil.
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Synthetic Textiles
Some textile fibers can be manufactured from petrochemicals, such as nylon and polyester. Nylon is typically manufactured by feeding molten nylon into a device called a spinneret. Once the threads are exposed to air they harden, are wound, and can then be subjected to drawing to give the fibers elasticity and added strength. After drawing, the fibers can be further treated if desired. Typically nylon is used as a silk imitation, although it is also frequently used in sports clothing, such as windbreakers. It is easy to clean, fast-drying, and maintains its shape. Because of its strength and elasticity, it is also used in netting, parachutes, life-vests, and other high-performance applications.
Polyester is primarily made from chemicals found in petroleum, and occurs in three forms: fiber, film and plastic. Polyester fibers are made from ethylene terephthalate (PET), are used to manufacture clothing and household fabrics, such as sofa covers. Polyester can also be blended with other fibers, such as cotton, to create a composite material.
Source: www.textile-technology.com
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thank u mam for ur informative information
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Thanks mam for your post.
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Madam,your field of interest is really appreciating.We want to see more post about textiles. :)
Samiha
Lecturer
Department of Textile
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Thank u mam.You have enriched my idea about fibres.
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Thank you madam to give important information.
M.A.BASET
Lecturer,TE
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Thank you for the informative post.
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Good information........Thanks Mam
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thanks madam to share us the valuable information.
Thanks,
Sumon Mazumder
Lecturer
Dept. of TE
FSIT, DIU
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Thank you madam for sharing such valuable information.....