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« on: May 19, 2014, 04:50:10 PM »
Custard Apple plant a semi-evergreen fruit plant that belongs from family of “Annonaceae” and scientific name of this plant is “Annona reticulate” which is known as “Ata” in Bengali. Fruit of this plant known as Custard Apple; there have many variety of custard apple like “Annona squamosa” that is called “sugar apple” and “Annona senegalensis”, which is called “wild custard apple”. .
Custard Apple Health Benefits(Annona reticulate/Ata)
• Custard apples are packed with vitamin C, an antioxidant that can combat the free radicals in the body.
• The fruit also has vitamin A, which is good for healthy skin, better vision and for healthy hair.
• The magnesium in custard apples can protect the heart from cardiac diseases and can relax the muscles.
• Custard apples are also rich in vitamin B6 and potassium.
• Custard apples are also rich in copper and have plenty of dietary fiber, which is good for keeping the digestive tract healthy and aids digestion as well prevents constipation.
• Custard apples have low levels of fat, which is good for health.
• It is believed that a paste made with the creamy flesh of the fruit can be used as a balm to treat boils, abscesses and ulcers.
• Custard apples can be sun-dried and then ground into a powder, which can treat dysentery and diarrhea.
• Custard apples also act as coolants, stimulants and expectorants. These fruits are good for treating anemia.
• Some people make the fruit into a beverage that can act as a substitute to milk.
• Even the bark of the custard apple tree, which contains astringents and tannins, is used in making herbal medicines. The leaves of the tree are supposed to be god for treating cancer and tumors;
Uses & Benefits of Custard Apple(Annona squamosa/ Sugar apple)
• The bark of custard apple tree can be used to stop diarrhea in children and adults. In addition, the plant is effective to treat diabetes.
• Its fruit is used to make a hair tonic in some parts of India.
• The plant bears some amazing medicinal qualities, like serving as an insecticide, antiovulatory and abortifacient.
• The grounded seeds can be applied on hair, to get rid of lice. However, make sure that it does not come in contact with ice or else, it can irritate the eye, leading to blindness.
• Custard apple can treat burning sensation, as it is an effective coolant.
• It is used to produce sugar wine apple and is the perfect plant for indoors.
• The crushed leaves of the tree are used to treat hysteria (fearful state of mind) and fainting spells.
• The treatment of ulcer, wound, dysentery and other ailments is also done by its concentrated leaf extract (in which the leaf is boiled and its essence is extracted).
Pharmacological activity
1. Antimalarial activity
Three known aporphine alkaloids were isolated from bark. Structures of compounds were identified as NNitrosoxylopine , Roemerolidine and Duguevalline. The above compounds were subjected for the screening of antimalarial activity. The result concluded that the aporphine alkaloids isolated by antiplasmodial activityguided fractionation of A. squamosa bark display in vitro antiplasmodial activates with IC50 values ranging between 7.8 and 34.2 μM/mL . The antiplasmodial activity of compounds N-Nitrosoxylopine showed considerable antiplasmodial activity against both the
2. Antidiabetic activity
Study carried out on Annona squamosa have reviled that the plant posses antihyperglycemic effect. The study was done using Male albino Wistar rats. The diabeties was induced using streptozotocin. The study resulted that Oral administration of A. squamosa aqueous extract to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced blood glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine, but increased the activities of insulin, Cpeptide, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and restored all marker enzymes to near control levels .
3. Antitumor activity
The defatted seed of Annona squamosa was screened for the antitumor activity. The extract was of aqueous and organic solvent. The parameter which was checked for the conclusion of the activity were estimation of intracellular ROS, estimation of intracellular GSH, DNA fragment analysis, and quantization of apoptosis. The study was carried out on rat histolytic cells tumor cell line AK-5. The study resulted significant apoptotic tumour cell death with enhanced caspase-3 activity, down regulation of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl. Enhanced the generation of intracellular ROS, which correlated well with the decreased levels of intracellular GSH. In addition, DNA fragmentation and annexin-V staining confirmed that the extracts induced apoptosis in tumour cells through the oxidative stress. Aqueous extracts of A. squamosa seeds possessed significant antitumor activity in vivo against AK-5 tumor.
4. Antiulcer activity
A synthetic compound namely 1-(4-_-Dglucopyranosyloxyphenyl)- 2-(_-Dglucopyranosyloxy)-
ethane was isolated natutally first time from the Annona squamosa twigs. The compounds which were isolated fro the twig of plats were subjected to screening for antiulcer activity. Models used for the screening were cold restraint, pyloric ligation , aspirin , alcohol induced gastric ulcer
and histamine induced duodenal ulcer model. The result was compared with the standard drug omeprazole. The result for the screening concluded anti-secretory activity in vivo through reduced, total acidity and pepsin in pyloric ligation, confirmed by in vitro inhibition of H(+) K(+)-ATPase activity with corresponding decrease in plasma gastrin level.
5. Anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity Antioxidant activity
For the study of antioxidant activity the leaves extract were used. The chemical constituent were isolated and was subjected to IR, LC-MS and the compound was confirmed flavones type compound on the basis of spectral data. The in vitro antioxidant activity of isolated compound Annona squamosa L was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity of different concentrations (10μg, 50 μg, and 100 μg) using 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picryl hydrazil method (DPPH). The results of assay were then compared with synthetic antioxidant Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA).The isolated compound exhibit (9.62, 24.28, and 45.62%) significant free radical scavenging activity.
6. Anti HIV
There was a positive result exhibited by the extract of annona squamosa when evaluated for anti HIV
screening. In the above study new chemical compound have been named and isolated. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectral analyses and chemical evidence. Among the 14 isolated compounds in the study , 16_,17-dihydroxy-entkauran- 19-oic acid showed significant activity against HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells with an EC50 value of 0.8 μg/mL .
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