As all of you know Ms. Umme Kulsum has started a venture to read a bit more theory by initiating Research Adda. This week we are meeting to discuss Ferdinand de Saussure's 'Course in General Linguistics.'
I'd like to share a few key points that I understood after my reading.
Meaning or significance is not a kind of core or essence inside things. Meaning is always an attribute of things not contained within them.
(1) Meanings given to words are arbitrary. Thus language as a sign system is based on arbitrariness. A language is not a reflection of the world.
(2) Meanings of words are relational. No words can be defined in isolation from other words. Each designates the absence of the characteristics included in the other.
(3) Language constitutes our world; it does not record or label it.
Here's a link that you can also check out:
http://www.brysons.net/academic/saussure.html