Faculty of Allied Health Sciences > Nutrition and Food Engineering

Things we need to know about INTOXICATION

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nfe fouzia:
Intoxication can refer to:

    Substance intoxication:
        Alcohol intoxication
        Toxidrome
        Effects of cannabis
        Cocaine intoxication
        Caffeine#Caffeine intoxication
        Stimulant#Effects
        Water intoxication
        Drug overdose

nfe fouzia:
Substance intoxication is a type of substance-induced disorder which is potentially maladaptive and impairing, but reversible, and associated with recent use.

If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used. Generic slang terms include: getting high or being stoned or blazed (all usually in reference to cannabis), with many more specific slang terms for each particular type of intoxicant. Alcohol intoxication is even graded in intensity, from buzzed, to tipsy, all the way up to hammered, smashed, wasted and a number of other similar terms. Slight intoxication of a familiar substance is usually referred to as being buzzed.

nfe fouzia:
Alcohol intoxication (also known as drunkenness or inebriation) is a physiological state induced by the consumption of alcohol.

Intoxication is the consequence of alcohol entering the bloodstream faster than it can be metabolized by the liver. Some effects of alcohol intoxication are central to alcohol's desirability as a beverage and its history as the world's most widespread recreational drug.

Common symptoms of alcohol intoxication include slurred speech, euphoria, impaired balance, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia), flushed face, dehydration, vomiting, reddened eyes, reduced inhibitions, and erratic behavior. Sufficiently high levels of blood-borne alcohol will cause coma and death from the depressive effects of alcohol upon the central nervous system.

"Acute alcohol poisoning" is a related medical term used to indicate a dangerously high concentration of alcohol in the blood, high enough to induce coma or respiratory depression. It is considered a medical emergency. The term is mostly used by health care providers. Toxicologists use the term “alcohol intoxication” to discriminate between alcohol and other toxins.

nfe fouzia:
A toxidrome (a portmanteau of toxic and syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a dangerous level of toxins in the body. The term was coined in 1970 by Mofenson and Greensher. It is often the consequence of a drug overdose. Common symptoms include dizziness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, and oscillopsia. A toxidrome may indicate a medical emergency requiring treatment at a poison control center. Aside from poisoning, a systemic infection may also lead to a toxidrome. "Classic" toxidromes are presented below, but they are often variable or obscured by the co-ingestion of multiple drugs.

nfe fouzia:
The effects of cannabis are caused by chemical compounds in cannabis, including cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis has both psychological and physiological effects on the human body. Five European countries, Canada, and twenty US states have legalized medical cannabis if prescribed for nausea, pain or the alleviation of symptoms surrounding chronic illness.

In large enough doses, THC can induce auditory and visual hallucination. Acute effects while under the influence can include both euphoria and anxiety. Concerns have been raised about the potential for long-term cannabis consumption to increase risk for schizophrenia, depersonalization disorder, bipolar disorders, and major depression, however studies are inconclusive and the ultimate conclusions on these factors are disputed. The evidence of long-term effects on memory is preliminary and hindered by confounding factors. For thousands of years people have believed that cannabis has religious and spiritual effects.

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