The Probabilities of Chance
Protein molecules are an important constituent of the structure of living cells. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen oxygen and sulphur. Theses molecules are structures which may contain tens of thousands of atoms. There are about 92 naturally occurring elements which are randomly scattered. The probability of union of five elements of the protein molecule to form one protein molecule can be calculated to find out the proportions of matter which interact to give rise to one of these molecules, and, to find out the time required for this reaction and union of the atoms (Frank Allen).
It has been calculated that the probability of the factors concerned to produce a protein molecule by chance is only 1 in 10160 , and, the quantities of interacting substances to produce this molecule have been estimated to be so collosal as to be millions of times bigger than the universe. The time required was calculated to be 10243 years (Charles Ugene Guy).