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Alpha,Beta and Gamma Cities

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Shampa Iftakhar:
Depending on the economic factors cities of the world are ranked into Alpha,Beta and Gamma.

Alpha city is also known as a Global city or world city.It is also called world center.

Alpha++ world cities: London, New York

Alpha+ world cities: Hong Kong, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo, Shanghai, Dubai, Sydney, Beijing

Alpha world cities: Milan, Toronto, Sao Paulo, Madrid, Chicago, Mumbai, Los Angeles, Moscow, Frankfurt, Mexico City, Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur, Brussels

Alpha− world cities: Miami, Seoul, Dublin, Jakarta, Melbourne, Buenos Aires, Zurich, New Delhi, Munich, Boston, Warsaw, Vienna, Atlanta, Barcelona, Bangkok, Istanbul, Taipei, Johannesberg, Washington, San Francisco, Stockholm, Prague

Shampa Iftakhar:

Beta+ world cities: Düsseldorf, Dallas, Montreal, Rome, Hamburg, Manila, Houston, Berlin, Athens, Tel Aviv, Bangalore, Copenhagen, Caïro, Budapest, Bucharest, Guangzhou, Lima, Cape Town, Kiev, Luxembourg, Santiago, Lisbon, Philadelphia, Beirut

Beta world cities: Caracas, Bogota, Ho Chi Minh City, Auckland, Oslo, Chennai, Manchester, Karachi, Riyadh, Montevideo, Vancouver,  Brisbane, Helsinki, Doha, Casablanca, Stuttgart, Rio de Janeiro, Geneva

Beta− world cities: Abu Dhabi, Nicosia, Lyon, Birmingham (UK), San Jose (CR), Minneapolis, Tunis, Nairobi, Calcutta, Detroit, Hanoi, Denver, Monterrey, Bratislava, Riga, Seattle, Port Louis, Manama, Sofia, Amman, Antwerp, Panama City, San Diego, Quito, Rotterdam, Belgrade, Almaty, Lagos, Perth, Shenzhen, Hyderabad, Kuwait City, Edinburgh, Cleveland, Calgary, Guatemala City

Shampa Iftakhar:
Gamma+ world cities: Bristol, St. Petersburg, Charlotte, Lahore, Baltimore, Jeddah, Zagreb, Adelaide, Durban, Santo Domingo, San Salvador, St Louis, Islamabad, Guayaquil, Cologne, Phoenix, Georgetown (CI), Osaka, Tampa

Gamma world cities: Valencia (SP), Glasgow, San Jose (US), San Juan, Marseille, Cincinnatti, Guadalajara, Leeds, Baku, Tallinn, Vilnius, Colombo, Raleigh, Ankara, Belfast, Milwaukee, Muscat, Ljubljana

Gamma− world cities: Nantes, Tianjin, Accra, Algiers, Gothenburg, Porto, Columbus, Utrecht, Orlando, Ahmedabad, Asuncion, Kansas City, Seville, Turin, Dar Es Salaam, Portland, Krakow, Managua, Pune, Leipzig, Malmö, La Paz

Link: www.spottedbylocals.com/blog/alpha-beta-and-gamma-cities/

Afroza Akhter Tina:
interesting to know about the cities!!



Afroza Akhter Tina
Senior Lecturer
Department of English, DIU

Shampa Iftakhar:
I am eagerly waiting to see Bangladesh as an Alpha++ city. ;) ;)

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