Messages

226

Business Administration / Necessity of performance appraisal

« on: June 08, 2013, 04:35:08 PM »

1. Performance Feedback
Most employees are very interested in knowing how well they are doing at present and how they can do better in a future. They want this information to improve their performance in order to get promotions and merit pay. Proper performance feedback can improve the employee's future performance. It also gives him satisfaction and motivation.

2. Employee Training and Development Decisions
Performance Appraisal information is used to find out whether an employee requires additional training and development. Deficiencies in performance may be due to inadequate knowledge or skills. For e.g. A professor may improve his efficiency by attending workshops or seminars about his subject. Performance appraisal helps a manager to find out whether he needs additional training for improving his current job performance. Similarly, if the performance appraisal results show that he can perform well in a higher position, then he is given training for the higher level position.
3. Validation of Selection Process
Performance appraisal is a means of validating both internal (promotions and transfers) and external (hiring new employees from outside) sources. Organisations spend a lot of time and money for recruiting and selecting employees. Various tools used in the selection process are application blanks, interviews, psychological tests, etc. These tools are used to predict (guess) the candidate's performance on the job. A proper performance appraisal finds out the validity of the various selection tools and so the company can follow suitable steps for selecting employees in future.
4. Promotions
Performance appraisal is a way of finding out which employee should be given a promotion. Past appraisals, together with other background data, will enable management to select proper persons for promotion.
5. Transfers
Performance appraisal is also useful for taking transfer decisions. Transfers often involve changes in job responsibilities, and it is important to find out the employees who can take these responsibilities. Such identification of employees who can be transferred is possible through the performance appraisal.
6. Layoff Decisions
Performance appraisal is a good way of taking layoff decisions. Employees may be asked to lay off, if the need arises. The weakest performers are the first to be laid off. If there is no performance appraisal, then there are chances that the best men in the department may be laid off.
7. Compensation Decisions
Performance appraisal can be used to compensate the employees by increasing their pay and other incentives. This is truer in the case of managerial jobs and also in the case of employees in non-unionized organisations. The better performances are rewarded with merit pay.
8. Human Resource Planning (HRP)
The appraisal process helps in human resource planning (HRP). Accurate and current appraisal data regarding certain employees helps the management in talking decisions for future employment. Without the knowledge of who is capable of being promoted, demoted, transferred, laid off or terminated, management cannot make employment plans for the future.

9. Career Development
Performance appraisal also enables managers to coach and counsel employees in their career development.

227

Business Administration / Inportance of Learning English

« on: June 08, 2013, 04:33:46 PM »

a) Why is English so important?
b) Why is English essential in the field of science and technology?
c) What will happen if we do not know English?
d) What are the advantages of learning English?

Answer: the importance of English cannot be described in words because its An international language. We need to learn English for our higher education. It’s the store house of all knowledge of all books. All the books on higher education of every branch of knowledge are written in English. If we want to earn vast knowledge and higher education in any branch, we are to take the help from those books. All that is the best in European and American thought is available through English. If this source is dried up, we shall go backwards. Again modern science which Is advancing by leaps and bounds is a gift of the science. Today more than 80% of all the information in the worlds computers is in English. So if we don’t know English, we will fail to keep pace with the progressive force of the world. English is a must in order to get a good job. Today organizations need employers who speak earn more money. It is the official or semi-official language in more than 60 countries and of many international organizations need employers who speak and write a standard form of English. So it helps a man to get a good job and to earn more money. It is the official or semi-official language in more than 60 countries and of many international organizations. So to maintain daily official correspondence English is essential. Again ours is an age of globalization. Many foreign guests and delegates come to our country. They don’t know our mother tongue. So we need to learn English to communicate with them. Statistics show about 350 million people speak English as a first language and another 300 million use it as a second language. From this we can say that we need to learn English to join the advanced and developed world. Then we can say that English is a passport to successful future.

228

Business Administration / Re: DELUXE BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT

« on: June 04, 2013, 04:08:13 PM »

Thank you for your helpful formt.

229

Business Administration / Re: The Role of Technology in Changing the Human Resource Management Practices

« on: June 04, 2013, 04:07:13 PM »

Good post.

230

Business Administration / Re: Raise your voice against Eve Teasing/Sexual Harassment.

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:34:41 PM »

Thanks for your precious comment.

231

Business Administration / Re: As you sow, so you reap.....

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:16:25 PM »

Nice post.

232

Business Administration / Re: 10 ways to spend leisure time.

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:15:14 PM »

1,3,7,9,10 no ways match with me.

233

Business Administration / Some tips to lose weight fast:

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:04:56 PM »

The purpose of most fad diets is to promote rapid weight loss that you can see almost overnight. Fad diets are short-term solutions; if you stay on a fad diet for more than a few days, you could cause your body serious harm. You should always consult your healthcare provider before beginning any kind of weight loss program to make sure your body can take the added strain to its system. Here are some popular fad diets with simple instructions that claim to result in fast, short-term weight loss.
The Water Diet:. This diet involves drinking a daily total of about 64 fluid ounces (8 cups) of cold (preferably refrigerated) water, at regular intervals.
o   Drink a glass of water before each meal and before each snack to suppress your appetite by making you feel fuller.
o   Do not add sweeteners or flavorings to your water.
o   Do not replace meals with water.
o   Take a daily multivitamin to replenish the nutrients lost through more frequent urination.
The Master Cleanse, Maple Syrup Diet, or Lemonade Diet[5]. This fad diet is a liquid-only diet.
o   Drink between  6 to 12 glasses of a special mixture of lemonade, cayenne pepper, water, and maple syrup each day.
o   You will also drink a cup of herbal laxative tea twice a day.
o   There is an optional period of easing into this fad diet, as well as an easing-out process.
o   It should only be done for very short-term weight loss and is supposed to function as a detoxifying cleanse rather than a strict weight-loss routine.
o   There is also an optional salt-water flush that can be incorporated into this diet.
Juice Detox Diet, Juice Fast, or Hollywood Diet[3]. Although there are many variations on a juice detoxification fast or crash diet, they generally last for one to three days.
o   You can only drink fruit and vegetable juices on this type of fad diet.
o   Some variations of this diet involve taking vitamins or nutrients along with the juices, while others let you have a single meal per day.
o   The juices are meant to help your body flush out toxins and eliminate several pounds of (mostly) water weight from your system.
The Cabbage Soup Diet[6]. This diet claims it can help you lose up to 10 pounds in one week.
o   It involves eating a low-fat, high fiber diet.
o   You mainly eat a special type of cabbage soup, but you can also have moderate portions of certain fruits and vegetables, occasional meats and rice, a minimum of 4 glasses of water and a multivitamin each day.
o   This diet lasts 7 days and is not recommended as a permanent solution for long-term weight loss because of the lack of nutrients you consume on it.
Salt free diet: This diet helps you lose water weight by eliminating water retention in the body.
o   On this diet, you cannot have any salt, which includes not only table salt, but also all the added sodium found in pre-packaged and prepared foods.
o   This involves preparing sodium-free products at home or avoiding processed foods all together, which also means avoiding to eat out at restaurants.
o   It also involves drinking up to 2 liters (about 8 cups) of water each day to replenish essential bodily fluids, although green tea is also allowed in moderation.
o   Many prepared foods have as much as 30% of your daily value. You get your daily requirement of sodium from a healthy diet; too much can cause you to retain water weight.
o   Because some dietary salt is essential for good health, the Salt-Free Diet should not be followed for more than one to two weeks.
o   It's important to note that this diet is more effective for those people who tend to retain water more easily than others. If you're not sure whether you're particularly prone to water retention, pay attention to your hands and feet the next time you eat something salty. If your rings are more difficult to take off, or your shoes become tighter after a salty meal, those are signs that your body is sensitive to sodium.

234

Business Administration / Ways to Live a Less Stressful Life

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:03:49 PM »

“If you ask what is the single most important key to longevity, I would have to say it is avoiding worry, stress and tension. And if you didn’t ask me, I’d still have to say it.” - George F. Burns
Post written by Leo Babauta. Follow me on Twitter.
Stress is a major problem for many people — a hectic, stressful job, a chaotic home life, bills to worry about, and bad habits such as unhealthy eating, drinking and smoking can lead to a mountain of stress.
If your life is full of stress, like mine once was, there are some simle things you can do to get your life to a more manageable level.
Now, your life will probably never be stress-free — I don’t think that’s even desirable, even if it is possible, because stress is something that challenges us and helps us grow. At a reasonable level. But when stress gets too high, it causes us to be unhappy and unhealthy.
It wasn’t that long ago when I was working long hours in a very stressful job, with little time for my family, smoking and eating fatty foods and not exercising. I had a lot of debt and too many bills. I was unhappy and stressed out all the time. I was losing hair … OK, actually that was because of genetics, but still. I was pretty stressed.
So I made some drastic changes. I quit my job. I simplified my life. I quit smoking and started exercising and eating healthier. I began to eliminate my debt. And I learned some habits that, when applied on a daily basis, can really transform the way you live, in a positive way.
How did I do all of this? One thing at a time. I didn’t do a major rehaul of my life. I changed one habit a month, and gradually over the course of a year or two changed a lot of things in my life.
I won’t guarantee that all of these will work for you. They worked for me, but each person is different. Pick and choose the ones that will work best for you, and give them a try. One at a time.
1. One thing at a time. This is the simplest and best way to start reducing your stress, and you can start today. Right now. Focus as much as possible on doing one thing at a time. Clear your desk of distractions. Pick something to work on. Need to write a report? Do only that. Remove distractions such as phones and email notifications while you’re working on that report. If you’re going to do email, do only that. This takes practice, and you’ll get urges to do other things. Just keep practicing and you’ll get better at it.
2. Simplify your schedule. A hectic schedule is a major cause of high stress. Simplify by reducing the number of commitments in your life to just the essential ones. Learn to say no to the rest — and slowly get out of commitments that aren’t beneficial to you. Schedule only a few important things each day, and put space between them. Get out of meetings when they aren’t absolutely essential. Leave room for down time and fun.
3. Get moving. Do something each day to be active — walk, hike, play a sport, go for a run, do yoga. It doesn’t have to be grueling to reduce stress. Just move. Have fun doing it.
4. Develop one healthy habit this month. Other than getting active, improving your health overall will help with the stress. But do it one habit at a time. Eat fruits and veggies for snacks. Floss every day. Quit smoking. Cook something healthy for dinner. Drink water instead of soda. One habit at a time.
5. Do something calming. What do you enjoy that calms you down? For many people, it can be the “get moving” activity discussed above. But it could also be taking a nap, or a bath, or reading, or having sex (which can also be considered a “get moving” activity if you do it for longer than 5 minutes). Other people are calmed by housework or yardwork. Some people like to meditate, or take a nature walk. Find your calming activity and try to do it each day.
6. Simplify your finances. Finances can be a drain on your energy and a major stressor. If that’s true with you, figure out ways to simplify things. Automate savings and bill payments and debt payments. Spend less by going shopping (at malls or online) much less. Find ways to have fun that don’t involve spending money.
7. Have a blast! Have fun each day, even if it’s just for a few minutes. I like to play with my kids — they take my mind off everything and are really hilarious. I also like to play sports (again, often with my kids). Board games are fun. Sex, again, can be a fun activity. Whatever you choose, be sure to laugh.
8. Get creative. Throwing yourself into a creative activity is another great way to de-stress and to prevent stress. I like writing, but others like to paint or play music or sketch or make pottery or do interior design or build things.
9. Declutter. This is a favorite of mine. I like to take 20-30 minutes and just go through a room, getting rid of stuff we don’t use or need anymore. I look around at anything that’s cluttering up a room, and get rid of it or find a better place for it. When I’m done, I have a nice, peaceful enviornment for work, play, and living. Do this a little at a time — it can be one of your “fun activities”.
10. Be early. I will admit that it’s hard to be early when you have to get 6 kids ready (seriously — try it!). But being late can be very stressful. Try to leave earlier by getting ready earlier, or by scheduling more space between events. Things always take longer than normal, so schedule some buffer time: extra time to get ready, to commute, to do errands before you need to be somewhere, to attend a meeting before another scheduled appointment. If you get somewhere early, it’s good to have some reading material.
How do you keep the stress in your life to a manageable level? Share in the comments.
“Loafing needs no explanation and is its own excuse.” -

235

Business Administration / Features of globalization

« on: June 01, 2013, 12:02:10 PM »

The main features of globalization.
1. Liberalisation:
The freedom of the industrialist/businessman to establish industry, trade or commerce either in his country or abroad; free exchange of capital, goods, service and technologies between countries;
2. Free Trade:
Free trade between countries; absence of excessive governmental control over trade;
3. Globalization of Economic Activities:
Control of economic activities by domestic market and international market; coordination of national economy and world economy;
4. Connectivity:
Localities being connected with the world by breaking national boundaries; forging of links between one society and another, and between one country and another through international transmission of knowledge, literature, technology, culture and information.
5. Borderless Globe:
Breaking of national barriers and creation of inter- connectedness; the ideal of 'borderless globe' articulated by Kenichi Ohmae.
6. A Composite Process:
Integration of nation-states across the world by common economic, commercial, political, cultural and technological ties; creation of a new world order with no national boundaries;
7. A Multi-dimensional Process:
Economically, it means opening up of national market, free trade and commerce among nations, and integration of national economies with the world economy. Politically, it means limited powers and functions of state, more rights and freedoms granted to the individual and empowerment of private sector; culturally, it means exchange of cultural values between societies and between nations; and ideologically, it means the spread of liberalism and capitalism.
8. A Top-Down process:
Globalization originates from developed countries and the MNCs (multinational corporations) based in them. Technologies, capital, products and services come from them to developing countries. It is for developing countries to accept these things, adapt themselves to them and to be influenced by them.
As a result, the values and norms of developed countries are gradually rooted in developing countries. This leads to the growth of a monoculture - the culture of the north (developed countries) being imposed on the South (developing countries). This involves the erosion and loss of the identity and the cultures of developing countries. Globalization is thus a one-way traffic: it flows from the North to the South.
But this view of globalization has been contested. Some scholars have argued that globalization tends to provoke backlash at the community, local, regional and ethnic levels when the national government fails to resist or counter the invasion of globalization.
In the face of aggression of globalization, the people, in protest against the failure of the national government to defend them, develop or strengthen their allegiance to their community, locality, region or ethnic group. In this process, local identity, regional identity and ethnic identity take root and get strengthened. Thus globalization goes hand in hand with localization, regionalization and multiculturalism.
9. Global State vs Global Civil Society:
In protest against the harmful effects of globalization on the vast multitude of people all over the world, particularly in developing countries, protest marches, demonstrations and meetings have been organized in different countries. These protests have taken militant forms in the last decade. Protest groups have tried to disturb and paralyse the meetings of WTO, World Bank and IMF.
They charge that these UN-based organizations have been the agents of globalization and that they have been used by developed countries as their instruments to exploit and dominate developing countries. These protest groups-environmental groups, human rights groups, women's groups, farmers' groups and peace groups have interlocked themselves at the global level.
As a result, a global civil society, though yet not fully developed, has come into being, but a global state is a distant dream. The UN and its affiliated organisations which could have been the foundation of a global state have been weakened by many forces including glo¬balization.

236

Business Administration / How to be Punctual?

« on: May 28, 2013, 12:28:46 PM »

How to be Punctual?
Acknowledge that you are a person who is having a hard time being punctual
Be conscious of the time
Wake up when you're supposed to wake up
Commit yourself to being 15 minutes early for everything
Bring something you can read in short segments almost everywhere you go
Re-examine how long your daily tasks really take
Watch yourself for a few days to see where you often waste the most time
Make a note of where you should be in regards to time
Keep organized
Plan ahead.
Go to sleep on time.
Check the traffic before you leave
Check the local weather reports for road conditions during inclement weather
Eat at home, instead of stopping at the fast food drive-through for breakfast
Make appointments at exact, perhaps seemingly overprecise times
Think of departure time versus arrival time.
Quick thing to remember. "If you are 5 minutes early, you're on time. If you're on time, you're late. If you're late, then you've got a lot of explaining to do."

237

Faculty Forum / Ways of conducting class

« on: May 28, 2013, 12:13:29 PM »

Ways of conducting class.

Content Organization

1.   Made clear statement of  the purpose of the lesson                     
2.   Defined relationship or this lesson to previous lessons            
3.   Presented overview of the lesson                           
4.   Presented topics with a logical sequence                        
5.   Paced lesson appropriately
6.   Summarized major points of lesson                        
7.   Responded to problems raised during lesson                     
8.   Related today’s lesson to future lessons                     

Presentation
9.   Projected voice so easily heard   
10. Used intonation to vary emphasis
11. Explained ideas with clarity
12. Maintained eye contact with students
13. Listened to student questions & comments
14. Projected nonverbal gestures consistent with intentions
15. Defined unfamiliar terms,   concepts, and principles
16. Presented examples to clarify points
17. Related new ideas to familiar concepts
18. Restated important ideas at appropriate times
19. Varied explanations for complex and difficult material
20. Used humor appropriately    to strengthen retention & interest
21. Limited use of repetitive phrases & hanging article


Instructor-Student   
Interactions   

22. Encouraged student questions
23. Encouraged student discussion
24. Maintained student attention
25. Asked questions to monitor students’ progress
26. Gave satisfactory answers to student questions
27. Responded to nonverbal cues of confusion, boredom,& curiosity
28. Paced lesson to allow time for note taking
29. Encouraged students  to answer difficult questions
30. Asked probing probing questions when student answer was incomplete
31. Restated questions and answers when necessary
32. Suggested questions of limited interest to be handled outside of class









Instructional Materials    
and Environment

33. Maintained adequate classroom facilities
34. Prepared students for the lesson with appropriate assigned readings
35. Supported lesson with useful classroomdiscussions and exercises
36. Presented helpful audio-visual materials to support lesson organization & major points
37. Provided relevant written assignments.

Content Knowledge      
and Relevance

38. Presented material   worth knowing
39. Presented material   appropriate to student knowledge & background
40. Cited authorities to support statements
41. Presented material   appropriate to stated purpose of the course
42. Made distinctions between fact & opinion
43. Presented divergent view-   points when appropriate
44. Demonstrated command of subject matter

 

238

BBA Discussion Forum / Re: 10 best foods for human being

« on: May 27, 2013, 04:18:06 PM »

Good post.

239

BBA Discussion Forum / Types of Demand

« on: October 14, 2012, 01:16:27 PM »

meet the organization’s objectives. Eight demand states are possible.

1.   Negative Demand:
            Feature: A major part of the market dislikes the product and may even pay price to avoid it.
            Example: Vaccination, dental work.
            Marketing tasks: i. Analyze why the market dislike the product.
                                        ii. Analyze whether the marketing program consist of program redesign, lower price and more positive promotion.

2.   No demand:
             Feature: Target consumers may be unaware and un interested about the product.
             Example: i. Farmers may be not interested in new farming method.
                             ii.College students may not be interested in foreign language course.
            Marketing tasks: Find ways to connect the product’s benefits of products with the people’s natural needs and interest.

3.   Latent demand:
                 Feature: Consumers may share a strong need that cannot be satisfied by any existing product.
                 Example: Harmless cigarette, safer neigherhood,more fuel efficient car.
                 Marketing tasks:  i.Measure the size of the potential market.
                                              ii.Develop goods and services to satisfy the demand.
4. Declining demand:
                 Feature: When the demand of the product or service becomes lower.
                 Example: Private colleges have seen application falls.
                 Marketing tasks: i.Reverse the declining demand through creative remarketing.                       
                                             ii.Analyze the cause of decline and determine whether the demand can be stimulated by new target market.

5. Irregular demand:
                   Feature: Demand varies on a seasonal, daily and hourly basis.
                   Examples: Museums are under visited in week days and over crowded on week days.
                   Marketing tasks: Find ways to alter the pattern of demand through flexible pricing, promotion and other incentives.

6. Full demand:
                  Feature: When the organization is pleased with their volume of business.
                  Marketing tasks: i.Maintain the current level of demand in the face of changing consumer preference.
                                             ii. Maintain and improve the products quality and continuously measure consumer satisfaction.
7. Overfull demand:
                     Feature: Demand level is higher that the organization can and want to handle.
                     Example: National park is terribly overcrowded in the summer.
                     Marketing Tasks: i.Finding ways to reduce the demand of the products.
                                                  ii.Rasing price.
                                                  iii.Reducing promotion and service.
8. Unwholesome demand:
                         Feature: Those kinds of demands, not acceptable by the society.
                         Example: CIgeretts, hard drings, alcohol.
                         Marketing tasks: i.Fear message
                                                     ii.Price hikes.
                                                     iii.Reduce availability.

240

Faculty Forum / Re: How to motivate a knowledge worker

« on: February 09, 2012, 12:32:54 PM »

I completely agree with Shibli bhai. We, the teachers, remain very busy conducting classes and counseling students and preparing ourselves for the classes.