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1

Agentic AI / How agentic AI can drive workforce transformation

« on: May 12, 2025, 01:29:15 PM »

How agentic AI can drive workforce transformation

1. The World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report 2025 analyzed technological, societal and economic trends shaping the jobs of the future.
2. One positive from the report was that 'skill instability' has declined steadily as a result of training, reskilling and upskilling programmes.
3. Employers of the future workplace must develop a knowledge-first workforce and deploy workforce transformation strategies, often supported by agentic AI.
Picture this scenario:

Kate, a product designer at an automotive manufacturing enterprise, enrols for an e-learning programme to advance her career as a product engineer. After completing the basic modules, she undergoes an assessment via a chatbot. It rates her domain knowledge and shares learning material for Kate to qualify for further modules in her career trajectory. She takes a reassessment after learning advanced engineering principles and scores an A+. The e-learning platform notifies Kate’s HR manager, via email, who initiates the next action.

This scenario is likely to be the state of a majority of jobs in the future. The World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report 2025 analyzed technological, societal and economic trends shaping the jobs of the future. It revealed that the working population is ageing and decreasing at the same time in higher-income economies, but growing in lower-income economies. Similarly, advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and automation, are creating new opportunities for business analysts, while eliminating other roles, such as warehouse operators. These interconnected macrotrends are set to change the dynamics of the global labour pool by 2030.

Mitigating employment risks

The silver lining: 'skill instability' has declined steadily as a result of training, reskilling and upskilling programmes – from 57% in 2020 to 44% in 2023, according to the report.

A skills gap is an existential risk for both employers and a multi-generational workforce. Employers require a pool of skills of the day to drive business growth. Likewise, employees need to acquire emerging skills to shoulder bigger responsibilities and plan their career growth. A majority of enterprises implement talent development programmes to boost employability, upskill staff for higher-ranking roles and redeploy teams based on skill demand within the organization.

The integration of AI boosts learning and development programmes. AI algorithms are evolving and getting more sophisticated in terms of functionality and capability. AI systems use generalized cognitive abilities to undertake complex tasks and resolve problems in diverse domains, including education, without manual intervention. Generative AI models are pre-trained with massive domain-specific datasets to generate text, audio and visual content, which mirrors work by humans. Agentic AI takes it to the next level by blending historical knowledge and instructions in natural language with the enterprise context to make accurate decisions, act autonomously and achieve goals.

Agentic AI helps prioritize training in accordance with business needs

Agentic AI helps HR professionals prioritize emerging skills during recruitment and promotions. It also helps develop a personalized training regimen to address long-term, business-specific skillsets. Further, AI-powered methodologies achieve learning goals by driving active study behaviour and cognitive engagement with course material. Moreover, knowledge retention and application are superior when learning is intuitive.

Most importantly, AI learning tools not only enhance core skills and technical expertise, but also impart essential life skills, such as analytical thinking, flexibility and agility. This is highlighted by the Pearson 2024 End of Year AI Report for Higher Education, based on research conducted by Pearson in collaboration with Morning Consult. Students using AI features in Pearson+ eTextbooks developed cognitive and critical thinking skills, while active engagement quadrupled.

In addition, AI study tools simplify tasks for tutors. A survey by Pearson and Intertwine Insights revealed that 77% of higher education faculty members plan to adopt generative AI for augmenting instruction at 2-year and 4-year institutions in the US, according to the Pearson 2024 End of Year AI Report for Higher Education. AI tools help professors create summaries, flashcards, practice tests and study guides, enabling them to better mentor students.

Designing the future of work

Increasingly, job roles and responsibilities across industries demand an amalgamation of human capabilities. Social and interpersonal skills, including the ability to lead, adapt, collaborate, motivate, empathize and influence, will be imperative to thrive in the technology-driven work environment of the future.

On the one hand, AI-driven automation of tasks, workflows and processes creates capacity, enabling enterprises to maximize efficiency, cost savings and productivity in capital and labour. A boost in workplace productivity in routine and repetitive tasks, powered by AI, can help workers in the USA save 78 million hours a week by 2026, according to the Pearson Reclaim the Clock: How Generative AI Can Power People at Work Skills Outlook series.

On the other hand, AI augments the skills set of younger and less-experienced knowledge workers. It allows an autonomous, self-governing work style for skilled professionals. The workforce ecosystem is expanding to include hired employees, professional service providers, crowdsourcing partners, independent workers, contractors and gig workers. It is estimated that remote work will grow to 90 million jobs by 2030, according to a World Economic Forum white paper, The Rise of Global Digital Jobs. The workforce profile of this ecosystem expects autonomy and flexibility in location, as well as time of work.

Agentic AI helps navigate emerging challenges and seize new opportunities in this ecosystem. It helps design the future of work by empowering enterprises to explore new areas of value amid shifting market dynamics. Agentic AI incorporates the best of both worlds – hyper-personalization and scalability – into the learning journey. AI agents enhance the learning environment, optimize learning paths and identify knowledge gaps, which helps educators and trainers to provide targeted assistance and improve outcomes across skill and competency levels, domains and professions.

Notably, agentic AI helps imagine agile ways of working, especially in terms of where, when and how work gets done. It also enables HR managers to redefine work and redesign jobs to generate tangible value for customers and the business, while ensuring that the extended enterprise is productive and still allows for a work-life balance.

Rethinking workplace learning

EdTech enterprises are creating a skill-oriented economy by promoting targeted learning and facilitating lifelong learning for employees. The integration of agentic AI into existing platforms maximizes career-focused vocational qualifications, as well as workforce learning and development programmes and establishes a new social contract in talent development. In addition, it helps meet global demand for requisite skills in automated environments, while ensuring that reskilling and upskilling amplify latent human potential, including problem solving, decision making and creative thinking.

Learning solution providers capitalize on AI-based predictive insights into global workforce trends, enabling enterprises to develop workplace strategies for the future. Strategic partnerships with digital learning service providers enable business enterprises to streamline workforce planning, talent sourcing and talent development. Notably, integrated solutions that combine digital credentialing and verification services with learning platforms enhance the reskilling, upskilling and lifelong learning experience, while boosting employability outcomes.

Collaboration with AI EdTech platform providers enables enterprises to be more responsive to changes brought about by shifts in technology, economics, society and behaviour. The integration of psychometric evaluation and occupational assessment into e-learning platforms enhances recruitment and targeted talent development. These tests identify and address skills gaps in the workforce, ensuring a blend of technical and soft skills to succeed in the dynamic business landscape. Significantly, it aligns the workforce with strategic goals and organizational values.

Employers of the future workplace need to develop a knowledge-first workforce. Legacy talent management practices should be replaced with workforce transformation strategies. Agentic AI redefines training models and learning platforms to drive personalized skills development at scale. This empowers enterprises to adapt to the future state of work and the evolving dynamics at the workplace.

Source: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/05/see-why-edtech-needs-agentic-ai-for-workforce-transformation/

2

Chief Technology Officer (CTO) / Crafting a Successful 30-60-90 Day Plan as a CTO

« on: May 12, 2025, 01:19:52 PM »

Crafting a Successful 30-60-90 Day Plan as a CTO

Starting a new role as a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) is an exciting and challenging opportunity. As a technology leader, the first 90 days are critical for establishing credibility, understanding the company's technology ecosystem, and setting a foundation for impactful change. Here’s a structured 30-60-90 day plan that can guide CTOs as they begin their journey to drive transformation and align technology with business goals.

Days 0–30: Learning and Observing

The initial phase focuses on immersing yourself in the company's culture, technology stack, processes, and people. Building a comprehensive understanding of these elements is crucial for making informed decisions.

Key Actions

Engage with Stakeholders Meeting with executives, department heads, and team leaders will help you gather perspectives on current challenges and their expectations. Understanding stakeholder priorities allows you to align tech objectives with business needs.

Assess the Technology Landscape Familiarize yourself with the existing technology stack, infrastructure, and ongoing projects. This assessment highlights where the organization stands in terms of innovation, scalability, and potential bottlenecks.

Evaluate Team Dynamics Identify team strengths, skill gaps, and individual capabilities. This helps in understanding where immediate support may be needed and which skills can be leveraged or developed.

Align with Company Goals A deep dive into the company’s mission, vision, and strategy provides a clear context for the technology team’s objectives. Aim to understand how your department’s goals contribute to the larger picture.

Days 30–60: Planning and Strategizing

With a baseline understanding in place, the second month is all about building a strategic vision and creating actionable plans. This is the time to set priorities, develop a roadmap, and start identifying impactful quick wins.

Key Actions

Identify Quick Wins Tackling smaller improvements, such as resolving known technical debt, eliminating process bottlenecks, or implementing minor tech fixes, can provide immediate value and boost team morale.

Develop a Technology Vision Begin crafting a draft technology roadmap aligned with the company's long-term goals. Whether it involves infrastructure upgrades, process improvements, or major architectural changes, this vision will act as a guidepost for your team’s actions.

Evaluate Security and Compliance Conduct a thorough review of security policies, risk management practices, and regulatory compliance. This is particularly crucial for industries with strict compliance requirements, such as finance and healthcare.

Build a Team Development Plan Define any hiring needs, skills training, or team restructuring needed to achieve your roadmap. Planning for the team’s growth, both in numbers and skills, ensures you have the right resources to execute your vision.

Days 60–90: Executing and Implementing

As you move into the final phase, the emphasis shifts towards implementation. Starting with key projects, establishing measurable objectives, and fostering a collaborative environment will be essential for early wins and setting the groundwork for sustainable growth.

Key Actions

Roll Out Short-Term Improvements Begin implementing the quick wins and small process changes identified earlier. These could include introducing new workflows, performing tech upgrades, or enhancing security protocols.

Initiate Critical Projects Launch or reprioritize critical projects that align with your strategic roadmap. Whether it’s a new product feature or infrastructure overhaul, ensure the team is motivated and engaged.

Set Up KPIs and Metrics Define key performance indicators (KPIs) to monitor the impact of new technology initiatives and gauge team productivity. These metrics will help you track progress and adjust strategies as needed.

Foster Cross-Department Collaboration Establish regular communication channels with other departments to encourage feedback and collaboration. Ensuring that the tech team is aligned with the broader business ensures smoother execution and alignment with company goals.

Long-Term Success

By the end of the 90 days, a successful CTO will have:

A thorough understanding of the company’s technology landscape and organizational dynamics.
A clear, actionable technology roadmap aligned with the company’s long-term vision.
Early wins that have built credibility and improved morale.
Established performance metrics to measure ongoing success.

This 30-60-90 day plan not only sets the foundation for impactful change but also positions the CTO as a strategic partner in achieving business goals. With a clear vision, actionable strategies, and an engaged team, a new CTO can steer their company toward greater innovation, efficiency, and growth.

Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/crafting-successful-30-60-90-day-plan-cto-gibu-george-ifnac/

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Chief Technology Officer (CTO) / Stuck in neutral? How CTOs can overcome decision paralysis and drive growth

« on: May 12, 2025, 01:14:48 PM »

Stuck in neutral? How CTOs can overcome decision paralysis and drive growth

The whole world is in a state of change.

There is high risk change in our world every day it seems.

CTOs (Chief Technology Officers) are facing mounting pressure to drive innovation, and lower revenues make bold decisions risky, leading to paralysis.

Now is the time to overcome this state of decision paralysis.

Now is a perfect time to unlock sustainable growth to keep organisations ahead in competitive markets.

Recognising the paralysis

When faced with uncertainty many leaders delay decisions, fearing missteps or failure. This hesitation can slow progress, frustrate teams, and allow competitors to surge ahead. When was the last time your leadership team took analysis and turned this into inaction? More than a few days or weeks is a sign of paralysis.

Prioritise agile, low-risk experimentations

Instead of waiting for perfect conditions, CTOs should adopt a mindset of iterative improvement and innovation. Small scale pilot projects, five-day design sprints, and controlled rollouts allow your teams to validate ideas with your customers without overcommitting resources.

Align innovation with business needs

Successful CTOs that we have worked with ensure that every improvement initiative aligns with company goals. Now is a good time to prioritise ideas that solve real customer pain points or enhance operational efficiency. Ideas with a direct link between technology and business impact strengthens the case for investment.

Empower decision-making across teams

Over reliance on top-down decision making can stall progress. A small leadership team will generate fewer ideas than if you canvas ideas from across your entire company. Encourage cross-functional collaboration and delegate responsibility where possible. When teams have the autonomy to act, ideas for improvement and innovation flows more naturally.

Shift the culture from fear to confidence

A fear-driven culture discourages innovation. One way this will show up is no questions in your team meetings. Foster an environment where calculated risks are encouraged and failures are viewed as learning opportunities. Clear communication, transparency, and executive support are key to driving this shift. Setting up an idea/improvement board that everyone can contribute to is a good start.

Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/stuck-neutral-how-ctos-can-overcome-decision-drive-growth-sherborne-fnerc/

4

AI for Professionals / AI Important Tools

« on: May 10, 2025, 11:10:29 AM »

AI Important Tools

১. ChatGPT – যেকোনো লেখা বা প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিতে পারে। 
২. Canva AI – ডিজাইন তৈরি ও কনটেন্ট সাজাতে AI সহায়তা। 
৩. Pictory – লেখা থেকে অটো ভিডিও তৈরি করে। 
৪. Copy.ai – মার্কেটিং কপিরাইটিং বা ব্লগ লেখে। 
৫. Jasper AI – ব্লগ, বিজ্ঞাপন, ইমেইল লেখায় সাহায্য করে। 
৬. Grammarly – ইংরেজি লেখার ভুল ধরিয়ে সংশোধন করে। 
৭. Quillbot – লেখাকে রি-রাইট বা প্যারাফ্রেজ করে। 
৮. Synthesia – AI এভাটার দিয়ে ভিডিও বানায়। 
৯. Looka – লোগো ও ব্র্যান্ড ডিজাইন করে। 
১০. Remove.bg – ছবির ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ড রিমুভ করে এক ক্লিকে। 
১১. Leonardo AI – কল্পনাশক্তির ইমেজ ডিজাইন করে। 
১২. Durable – কয়েক সেকেন্ডে ওয়েবসাইট তৈরি করে। 
১৩. SlidesAI – লেখা থেকে অটো স্লাইড প্রেজেন্টেশন বানায়। 
১৪. Runway ML – ভিডিও এডিটিং ও AI ভিজ্যুয়াল এফেক্টে সাহায্য করে। 
১৫. Tome – স্টোরি-বেইজড প্রেজেন্টেশন তৈরি করে। 
১৬. Notion AI – নোট নেয়া, টাস্ক ম্যানেজমেন্ট ও লেখায় সাহায্য করে। 
১৭. Krisp – কলের ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ড নোইজ রিমুভ করে। 
১৮. Cleanup.pictures – ছবির অবাঞ্চিত জিনিস মুছে ফেলে। 
১৯. Replika – AI ভার্চুয়াল বন্ধু বা চ্যাট সঙ্গী। 
২০. Soundraw – AI দিয়ে অরিজিনাল মিউজিক তৈরি করে। 
২১. Beatoven – ভিডিও/পডকাস্টের জন্য মিউজিক তৈরি করে। 
২২. Voicemod – ভয়েস চেঞ্জ বা ভয়েস ইফেক্টে ইউজ হয়। 
২৩. Lumen5 – ব্লগ থেকে ভিডিও কনভার্ট করে। 
২৪. Descript – ভিডিও এডিট করে টেক্সট দিয়ে। 
২৫. Kaiber – AI দিয়ে ভিডিও অ্যানিমেশন বানায়। 
২৬. AutoDraw – হ্যান্ড-ড্রয়িংকে পারফেক্ট ডিজাইনে রূপ দেয়। 
২৭. ElevenLabs – রিয়েলিস্টিক ভয়েস জেনারেশন করে। 
২৮. Heygen – AI স্পোকেন ভিডিও বানায় ফেস ও ভয়েস দিয়ে। 
২৯. Writesonic – কনটেন্ট রাইটিং ও কপি তৈরি করে। 
৩০. Play.ht – ব্লগ বা লেখাকে ভয়েসে পরিণত করে। 
৩১. Papercup – ভিডিওর ভয়েস অন্য ভাষায় ডাব করে। 
৩২. AI Dungeon – ইন্টার‍্যাকটিভ গল্প বানায়। 
৩৩. TTSMaker – লেখা থেকে স্পিচ জেনারেট করে। 
৩৪. Magic Eraser – ছবির অবজেক্ট সরিয়ে ক্লিন ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ড দেয়। 
৩৫. Designs.ai – লোগো, ভিডিও, অডিও সব তৈরি করতে পারে। 
৩৬. Midjourney – কমান্ড থেকে ইমেজ তৈরি করে। 
৩৭. TinyWow – ডকুমেন্ট, ভিডিও, পিডিএফ টুলস ফ্রি অফার করে। 
৩৮. ChatPDF – যেকোনো PDF পড়ে আপনাকে সারাংশ দেয়। 
৩৯. Scalenut – SEO কনটেন্ট ও ব্লগ প্ল্যান করে। 
৪০. INK – SEO, রাইটিং, মার্কেটিং একসাথে করে। 
৪১. DeepL – প্রোফেশনাল লেভেলের ট্রান্সলেশন দেয়। 
৪২. OpenArt – AI আর্ট ও ইমেজ তৈরি করে। 
৪৩. NameSnack – AI দিয়ে বিজনেস নাম সাজেস্ট করে। 
৪৪. Tidio – AI চ্যাটবট তৈরি করে ওয়েবসাইটের জন্য। 
৪৫. FormX.ai – স্ক্যান করা ডকুমেন্ট থেকে ডেটা এক্সট্রাক্ট করে। 
৪৬. Murf.ai – প্রফেশনাল ভয়েসওভার তৈরি করে। 
৪৭. Zyro AI Writer – ওয়েবসাইট বা কনটেন্ট লেখায় ব্যবহার হয়। 
৪৮. Hugging Face – বিভিন্ন ধরনের NLP ও AI টুলস হোস্ট করে। 
৪৯. Adobe Firefly – AI দিয়ে ইমেজ ও ডিজাইন তৈরি করে। 
৫০. Illustroke – লেখা থেকে SVG ইলাস্ট্রেশন তৈরি করে।

এই টুলগুলো ব্যবহার করে আপনি আপনার কাজের গতি যেমন বাড়াতে পারবেন, তেমনি সময় এবং খরচও বাঁচাতে পারবেন। 

Source: https://www.facebook.com/share/168hbqoRgY/

5

Generative AI / ১৮ মাসের মধ্যে দক্ষ প্রকৌশলীর মতো কোড লিখতে পারবে এআই: মার্ক জাকারবার্গ

« on: May 03, 2025, 11:19:23 AM »

১৮ মাসের মধ্যে দক্ষ প্রকৌশলীর মতো কোড লিখতে পারবে এআই: মার্ক জাকারবার্গ

মেটার প্রধান নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা (সিইও) মার্ক জাকারবার্গ বলেছেন, ১২ থেকে ১৮ মাসের মধ্যে মেটার নিজস্ব কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা (এআই) এললামা মডেলের বেশির ভাগ কোড দক্ষ প্রকৌশলীর মতো লিখে দেবে এআই। তাঁর দাবি, বর্তমানে এআই একজন গড় মানের ভালো সফটওয়্যার প্রকৌশলীর সমান দক্ষতায় কাজ করতে পারে। তবে খুব শিগগির কোড লেখার ক্ষেত্রে দক্ষ প্রকৌশলীদেরও ছাড়িয়ে যাবে এআই।

সম্প্রতি গবেষক দ্বারকেশ প্যাটেলের সঙ্গে এক পডকাস্ট আলোচনায় জাকারবার্গ বলেন, ‘আমার ধারণা, ১২ থেকে ১৮ মাসের মধ্যে আমরা এমন এক পর্যায়ে পৌঁছাব, যেখানে এললামা-সংক্রান্ত প্রকল্পগুলোর অধিকাংশ কোডই এআই দিয়ে লেখা হবে। আমি এখানে সাধারণ অটোকমপ্লিটের কথা বলছি না। এখনকার এআই ভালো মানের অটোকমপ্লিট দিতে পারে, অর্থাৎ আপনি কোড লেখা শুরু করলে এটি বাকিটা সম্পূর্ণ করে দিতে পারে। কিন্তু আমি যে পর্যায়ের কথা বলছি, সেখানে আপনি একটি লক্ষ্য দিলে এআই নিজেই পরীক্ষা চালাবে, ত্রুটি শনাক্ত করবে এবং এমন মানের কোড লিখে দেবে, যা একজন ভালো প্রকৌশলীর চেয়েও উন্নত হবে।’

মেটা বর্তমানে একটি কোডিং এজেন্ট ও একটি গবেষণাভিত্তিক এআই এজেন্ট তৈরি করছে, যা বিশেষভাবে এললামা প্রকল্পের জন্য কাজ করবে। এ বিষয়ে জাকারবার্গ বলেন, ‘আমরা মেটার ভেতরে একাধিক কোডিং এজেন্ট তৈরির কাজ করছি। কারণ, আমরা কোনো সাধারণ এন্টারপ্রাইজ সফটওয়্যার প্রতিষ্ঠান নই। এই প্রযুক্তি মূলত নিজেদের প্রয়োজনে তৈরি করা হচ্ছে। আমরা কোনো সাধারণ ডেভেলপার টুল বানাচ্ছি না, আমাদের লক্ষ্য হলো একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্দেশ্য পূরণে সক্ষম কোডিং এজেন্ট ও গবেষণা–সহায়ক এজেন্ট তৈরি করা, যা এললামা গবেষণায় সরাসরি ভূমিকা রাখবে। আমি মনে করি, ভবিষ্যতে এটি আমাদের কাজের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ হয়ে উঠবে।’

এর আগেও একাধিকবার এআই–নির্ভরতার ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে কথা বলেছেন জাকারবার্গ। বছরের শুরুতে দেওয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকারে তিনি বলেন, ‘আমরা এমন এক সময়ে পৌঁছাতে যাচ্ছি, যেখানে আমাদের অ্যাপগুলোর কোড, এমনকি সেখানে ব্যবহৃত এআইও লিখে দেবে এআই প্রকৌশলীরা।’ তাঁর ভাষ্য, বর্তমানে এআই যথেষ্ট উন্নত এবং তা একজন মধ্যম মানের সফটওয়্যার প্রকৌশলীর কাজের জায়গা নিতে সক্ষম।

Source: https://www.prothomalo.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/0nmtnm60tt

6

Law of Bangladesh / Future of policing in criminal justice system

« on: May 03, 2025, 11:06:52 AM »

Future of policing in criminal justice system

THE criminal justice system is a complex framework composed of multiple interconnected components, including law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, and correctional institutions. Among these, the police serve as the foundation of the system, acting as the first point of contact between citizens and the justice process. In Bangladesh, the police hold a central role, balancing the responsibilities of crime prevention, law enforcement, public service, and conflict resolution. Their duties extend beyond mere crime control; they are responsible for maintaining public order, ensuring the safety of individuals and communities, and upholding fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Constitution.

The role of the police in this system sets the course for subsequent judicial proceedings. Effective policing — through proper investigation, evidence collection, and fair enforcement of laws — ensures that cases are built on strong legal foundations, facilitating justice. Any failure in this initial phase, whether due to inefficiency, corruption, or bias, can undermine the entire judicial process, leading to wrongful convictions or impunity for offenders. Furthermore, the police are often the first responders in crises, playing a critical role in de-escalating conflicts, assisting victims, and fostering public trust. Their work directly impacts the efficiency of the courts and correctional institutions, making them indispensable in maintaining the rule of law and ensuring justice is served equitably.

The criminal justice system is a vital institution for maintaining social order and upholding the rule of law. The Bangladesh police, as its frontline component, bears immense responsibility for ensuring safety and justice. While challenges persist, ongoing reforms and modernisation efforts provide hope for a more effective and accountable police force. By addressing systemic issues and fostering collaboration among all stakeholders, the criminal justice system in Bangladesh can evolve into a more robust and equitable framework, ensuring justice for all.

In collaboration with other agencies of the criminal justice system, the future of policing will be shaped by advancements in technology, evolving societal expectations, and the need for more community-orientated approaches. Artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and real-time surveillance will enhance crime prevention and investigative capabilities, while body-worn cameras and data transparency will promote accountability. With increasing concerns about human rights and social justice, police forces worldwide will need to adopt strategies that emphasise de-escalation, conflict resolution, and public trust. Additionally, cross-border threats such as cybercrime, terrorism, and transnational organised crime will require stronger international collaboration. The integration of ethical AI, improved training programmes, and greater community engagement will be crucial in ensuring that policing remains effective, fair, and adaptable to future challenges.

In this context, police officers in the modern world must embody a diverse range of qualities to effectively maintain law and order while upholding justice and human rights. Integrity and professionalism are fundamental, ensuring that officers act ethically and remain accountable to the public. Strong communication and conflict-resolution skills are crucial, enabling them to de-escalate tense situations and foster trust within communities. Adaptability is essential in addressing evolving challenges such as cybercrime, terrorism, and transnational criminal networks. Additionally, modern policing demands cultural awareness and emotional intelligence to engage with diverse populations sensitively. Technological proficiency is also vital, as law enforcement increasingly relies on digital tools for investigations and intelligence gathering. Above all, a commitment to service, fairness, and continuous learning defines an effective police officer in today’s complex and dynamic world.

The new generation of police, sons of this soil, is believed to be highly qualified, tech-savvy, and meritorious. They are expected to be a living encyclopaedia with analytical insight into every national and international event that may impact the country’s public security. The strong commitment to upholding the rule of law in a country like ours determines socio-economic and political development. Predictive and intelligence-led policing may help to understand the genesis of issues affecting public security. The police have been recognised as the key players in the criminal justice system. The role of the police can be likened to that of a goalkeeper in soccer. If the rest of the team underperforms, the goalkeeper faces constant pressure, making it unrealistic to expect flawless performance every time. Similarly, the police cannot bear the full burden of crime prevention without the active support of other institutions. Effective governance requires a coordinated effort among various entities, including government organisations, lawmakers, the judiciary, and the economic system. When these institutions fulfil their responsibilities, societal issues are minimised, and the strain on the police is significantly reduced. A shared commitment to the collective good is essential for maintaining order and reducing crime, distributing the responsibility across all sectors rather than leaving it solely to the police. Police should understand the complex interplay of various factors and may be able to point out other people’s failures in the performance of their responsibilities. In Bangladesh, for instance, land disputes have been regarded as the major cause of violent crimes. Police have little to do with the land management.

Policing in Bangladesh presents significant challenges, requiring officers to work in both high-stress urban environments and remote rural areas, where they face a wide range of difficult situations. Resilience is essential in these demanding conditions, as officers must manage long working hours, limited resources, and exposure to traumatic incidents. In addition to mental and physical resilience, adaptability is also crucial. Officers must effectively navigate the country’s rapidly changing socio-political landscape and respond to evolving criminal tactics. In this context, mental health and conflict resolution training play a vital role. In democratic societies, there is a growing emphasis on equipping officers with the skills to handle tense situations calmly. By prioritising de-escalation techniques and appropriate use of force, officers can resolve volatile encounters without resorting to violence, ensuring a more effective and humane approach to policing. An officer’s ability to connect personally, de-escalate tense situations, and offer reassurance demonstrates their commitment to public service. Empathy fosters a sense of security and respect, transcending socio-economic or political backgrounds.

The relationship among all members of the police force—senior, junior, subordinate, and superior ranks—is fundamentally built on mutual respect, discipline, and a shared commitment to upholding law and order. A superior officer’s role involves providing guidance, leadership, and support while maintaining professionalism and fairness in their interactions with subordinates. Conversely, subordinates are expected to demonstrate loyalty, respect, and a willingness to execute orders diligently and ethically. Juniors look up to seniors for mentorship and professional growth, while seniors foster a supportive environment that encourages learning and teamwork. This hierarchical yet collaborative relationship ensures operational efficiency, reinforces accountability, and nurtures camaraderie within the force, ultimately contributing to the effectiveness and integrity of law enforcement.

The people desire a police force that understands and aligns with the aspirations of the common masses, recognising their needs, grievances, and expectations. When law enforcement fails to acknowledge these aspirations or actively works against them, it creates a crisis of enforcement, leading to public dissatisfaction, resistance, and, in extreme cases, social unrest. The crisis of enforcement in society emerges when the expectations of the majority clash with the inefficacy, bias, or selective application of the law by institutions responsible for maintaining order. If the police or other enforcement agencies are perceived as tools of political or elite interests rather than impartial upholders of justice, they lose legitimacy in the eyes of the people. This disconnect fosters distrust, non-compliance, and even acts of defiance against the law, making effective governance increasingly difficult. Resolving this crisis requires a responsive, transparent, and community-orientated policing approach that bridges the gap between legal authority and public expectations, ensuring that enforcement mechanisms are both just and widely accepted.

Police officers are entrusted with the solemn duty of upholding law and order while embodying the highest ideals of patriotism and national service. As guardians of public security, they must possess the foresight and discernment to align their actions with the broader national interest, ensuring that their decisions and enforcement strategies contribute to the country’s stability, progress, and unity. Their allegiance to the nation must remain unwavering, even in the face of opposition from certain groups or individuals whose interests may conflict with the greater good. This responsibility demands not only professional integrity but also a deep commitment to preserving national sovereignty, fostering social harmony, and safeguarding the aspirations of the people. In executing their duties, they must strike a balance between enforcing the law impartially and upholding the collective will of the nation, never allowing personal biases or external pressures to compromise the principles of justice and the overall welfare of the state.

The Bangladesh Police, acting as an executive arm of the government, brutally suppressed dissent using lethal force and extrajudicial means. The student-led anti-quota movement, fuelled by long-standing grievances, escalated into demands for the government’s removal. In response, police crackdowns led to the deaths of numerous students, triggering mass outrage. When Sheikh Hasina stepped down and disappeared, public fury erupted into violent protests, with people defying curfews to attack and loot police stations. Overwhelmed, police personnel abandoned their posts, leading to the lynching of 46 officers and the seizure of weapons and documents. This unprecedented event left the police force temporarily non-functional, something unseen even during the Liberation War.

Therefore, it is the public demand that democratic policing refers to a model of law enforcement in which the police serve the people rather than a regime, adhering strictly to the rule of law rather than the whims of public authorities. It ensures the protection of civil rights, including freedom of speech, association, and protection from torture or abuse. A fundamental aspect of democratic policing is external accountability, where police actions are subject to oversight by government bodies, independent commissions, and the courts. Ensuring public security remains a top priority, requiring police forces to balance law enforcement with the protection of individual rights.

A normative framework for democratic policing is built upon key principles that distinguish it from authoritarian models. Democratic police forces prioritise serving civil society rather than the state, operating with transparency and accountability at all levels. They are structured to reflect the demographic diversity of the population, ensuring representation of minority groups and women through fair recruitment policies. Professionalism and merit-based competency are central to their functioning, and they are insulated from undue political influence. These values are considered non-negotiable, as without them, police organisations cannot be deemed truly democratic in their structure, culture, or performance.

The principles of democratic policing emphasise representation, responsiveness, and accountability. Representative policing ensures that police personnel reflect the communities they serve while upholding human rights. Responsive policing aligns law enforcement actions with public needs, ensuring that crime prevention, detection, and public order maintenance are conducted lawfully and humanely. Lastly, accountable policing operates on three levels: legal accountability, ensuring police adherence to the law; political accountability, where police answer to the public through democratic institutions and oversight bodies; and economic accountability, ensuring that police effectively and justifiably manage allocated resources.

Finally, citizens often invoke a timeless quotation that encapsulates the ideal attributes of a police officer in the context of security: ‘The citizen expects police officers to have the wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength of Samson, the patience of Jacob, the leadership of Moses, the kindness of the Good Samaritan, the strategy of Alexander, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln, the tolerance of the carpenter of Nazareth, and finally, an intimate knowledge of every branch of the natural, biological, and social sciences.’ (August Vollmer, The Police and Modern Society).

The criminal justice system relies on the effective functioning of its interconnected components, with the police playing a pivotal role in upholding law and order. As the frontline of justice, the Bangladesh police must ensure fairness, efficiency, and accountability in their duties to maintain public trust and support the broader legal process. While challenges remain, continued reforms and modernisation efforts can strengthen the system, fostering a more just and equitable society where the rule of law prevails.

The future of policing in Bangladesh depends on building a force that exemplifies accountability, fairness, and professionalism while remaining deeply connected to the needs of its citizens. A police force that respects human rights, collaborates with communities and responds efficiently to public needs is essential for maintaining trust and legitimacy. Addressing systemic challenges — such as political interference, corruption, and resource limitations — requires bold reforms and continuous efforts to improve training, transparency, and ethical conduct. By embracing technological advancements and prioritising human rights, the Bangladesh Police can transform into a more responsive and trustworthy institution that upholds justice, security, and public service. This transformation will not only strengthen law enforcement’s effectiveness but also foster public confidence and lay the foundation for a safer and more equitable society.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263853/future-of-policing-in-criminal-justice-system#:~:text=Artificial%20intelligence%2C%20predictive%20analytics%2C%20and,data%20transparency%20will%20promote%20accountability.

7

Law of Bangladesh / Public education and traffic management

« on: May 03, 2025, 11:04:17 AM »

Public education and traffic management

THE police play a vital role in public education by fostering awareness and understanding of laws, community safety, and crime prevention. Through programmes such as school visits, community workshops, and public awareness campaigns, they educate citizens on topics ranging from road safety and drug abuse prevention to cybercrime awareness and personal security. These initiatives help build trust between the police and the public, encourage cooperation in maintaining law and order, and empower individuals to make informed decisions. By addressing misconceptions and bridging communication gaps, the police create a well-informed society that actively upholds peace and safety.

In many developed countries, police departments actively engage in  educating toddlers and schoolchildren through digital platforms, audio-visual materials, and interactive sessions. These initiatives aim to enhance safety awareness, prevent crime, and build positive relationships between law enforcement and the community from an early age. Digital platforms such as mobile apps, websites, and e-learning portals provide interactive games, quizzes, animated videos, and virtual reality simulations to teach children about topics like personal safety, road rules, cyber awareness, and emergency preparedness. Schools often collaborate with police to integrate educational videos, live webinars, and storytelling sessions into their curriculum, focusing on issues like anti-bullying, drug prevention, and responsible online behaviour. Additionally, community-based digital engagement, such as child-friendly social media pages and YouTube channels, helps disseminate safety lessons through short clips, cartoons, and parental guidance content.

Beyond education, these initiatives encourage children to report concerns and trust law enforcement with tools like anonymous reporting apps, online safety pledges, and mentorship programmes. International best practices include programmes like McGruff the Crime Dog in the US, ThinkUKnow in the UK, Australia, and Canada and Drug Abuse Resistance Education, which blend online and in-person learning. Such efforts ensure that children grow up with the knowledge and confidence to navigate risks safely while fostering a cooperative relationship with the police. By leveraging digital technology, law enforcement agencies create a more informed and proactive generation capable of making responsible choices in everyday life.

People expect the police to be humane and compassionate toward anyone seeking assistance or guidance. In busy cities, where finding directions or locating an address can be challenging, individuals often turn to traffic police for help. Despite being engrossed in managing chaotic traffic in major cities of Bangladesh, traffic police are frequently approached for guidance, as they are seen as reliable sources of direction and assistance. A restless toddler or a school-going child, hesitant to cross a busy road due to reckless motorcyclists or unruly rickshaw pullers, looks to traffic police for help. In such cases, people expect traffic officers to prioritise their safety and escort them across the road.

Managing traffic in cities like Dhaka is no easy task, with officers enduring extreme weather conditions, severe air pollution, and the stress of enforcing laws in challenging environments. Yet, the public expects traffic police to remain respectful and empathetic, treating pedestrians, drivers, vehicle owners, and rickshaw pullers fairly, even when addressing minor infractions. Beyond enforcing the law, traffic police play a crucial role in fostering trust through acts of kindness, such as offering directions, ensuring safe crossings, or assisting during emergencies. Although such tasks may not be part of their formal duties, these small gestures significantly enhance the relationship between the police and the public, strengthening mutual respect and understanding.

Police as mediators

THE security issues in society often involve a complex interplay of factors beyond the control of the police. Still, people hope that they are the key players in the resolution of any problem. For example, garment factory workers facing retrenchment or delayed payments may be driven to protest. Such protests often spill onto the streets, causing traffic blockages and bringing vehicle movement to a standstill or sometimes creating a grave law and order situation. The responsibility to restore order and ease traffic then falls on the police, with public expectations focused solely on their ability to resolve the immediate disruption. However, the police have no authority over the underlying issues that led to the workers’ protest, making their task particularly challenging. People expect the police to manage such volatile situations with careful balance, adhering to both national and international protocols. It is anticipated that the use of force will be measured and never excessive.

Recently, college students blocked major roads in protest, demanding their college be granted university status. These blockades result in significant traffic disruptions and considerable inconvenience for commuters. In such cases, the police often step in as mediators, facilitating the negotiation of a resolution between the involved parties. Furthermore, the police must intervene in disputes between rival groups, whether the situation involves lethal or non-lethal means. However, this can sometimes result in the police being drawn into a tripartite struggle, where both factions target them, leaving the police caught in the crossfire. In such cases, police should de-escalate, mediate, or, in extreme cases, resort to the use of force laid down by the law.

The police play a critical role in restorative justice by acting as facilitators of reconciliation, accountability, and healing within communities. Beyond their traditional enforcement duties, police officers can initiate restorative processes by bringing offenders, victims, and community members together to address harm and find collaborative solutions. By fostering dialogue, they help offenders take responsibility for their actions, enabling victims to voice their experiences and receive validation and support. The police also serve as bridges between the justice system and local communities, promoting trust and cooperation through transparent and empathetic interactions. Their involvement in restorative justice practices not only reduces recidivism but also strengthens social cohesion, ensuring that justice is not solely punitive but also transformative and inclusive.

Public education is a vital aspect of law enforcement, helping to build awareness, foster cooperation, and create a well-informed society. Through school programmes, digital platforms, and community outreach, the police educate citizens on crime prevention, road safety, and personal security, strengthening public trust and encouraging responsible behaviour. Traffic police, in particular, play a crucial role not only in enforcing regulations but also in providing assistance, offering guidance, and ensuring public safety, especially in busy urban areas. By embracing digital tools and compassionate engagement, law enforcement agencies can enhance their connection with the public, creating a safer and more cooperative society.

Police play a crucial role in mediating public disputes and maintaining order, often intervening in protests, conflicts, and disruptions despite having no control over their root causes. By acting as facilitators of dialogue and restorative justice, they help de-escalate tensions, promote accountability, and foster community trust. Their ability to balance law enforcement with mediation ensures that justice is not only enforced but also transformative, strengthening social cohesion and public confidence in policing.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263641/public-education-and-traffic-management

8

Law of Bangladesh / Public disapproval of police activities

« on: May 03, 2025, 10:41:37 AM »

Public disapproval of police activities

IN BANGLADESH, certain law enforcement activities, though legally sanctioned, often face significant public disapproval due to their direct impact on people’s lives, livelihoods, and freedoms. Despite operating within legal frameworks, some police actions — along with mobile court operations — frequently encounter resistance, criticism, and allegations of bias or misuse of power. Concerns often arise when these measures are perceived as disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities, being selectively enforced, or lacking transparency. As a result, public trust in law enforcement can be undermined, highlighting the need for greater accountability, fairness, and communication in the execution of such operations.

Law enforcement and public order

A POLICE search of a house is a significant exercise of authority that must strictly adhere to legal procedures to safeguard citizens’ privacy and rights. In most cases, it requires a warrant issued by a competent judicial authority, detailing the reasons for the search and the specific areas to be examined. However, certain circumstances may allow for a warrantless search, in which case officers must provide a clear legal justification.

During the search, law enforcement officers are required to identify themselves, present the warrant when applicable, or explain the legal basis for proceeding without one. They must conduct the search with minimal intrusion or damage, ensuring transparency and adherence to protocol within the framework of the law to prevent abuse of power and maintain public trust. Any evidence or items seized must be properly documented, and the rights of the occupants must be respected throughout the process.

Stop and search operations, while intended to enhance security and prevent criminal activities, are often perceived as intrusive and a form of harassment, particularly when conducted near highways, markets, and educational institutions. Commuters and transport operators frequently complain about unnecessary delays, while traders and business owners express frustration over disruptions to their daily activities. In educational areas, students and faculty members sometimes view these operations as intimidating, especially when conducted without clear justification or transparency. Concerns about selective targeting, profiling, and the potential misuse of authority further contribute to public apprehension, raising questions about the balance between security measures and individual rights.

Nighttime and roadside checkpoints, intended to enhance security and deter criminal activities, are often perceived as obstructions that cause inconvenience to commuters and businesses. Similarly, arbitrary identity checks and documentation verification, though justified as measures for crime prevention and law enforcement, are frequently criticised for leading to harassment, undue delays, and profiling based on social or ethnic backgrounds. Furthermore, the surveillance and monitoring of public gatherings, which involve the deployment of plainclothes officers and the use of close-circuit cameras, have sparked concerns over privacy violations, potential misuse of surveillance data, and the suppression of activism and free expression. These practices, while aimed at maintaining law and order, often generate public distrust and raise questions about their proportionality and impact on civil liberties.

Eviction and livelihood disruptions

THE eviction of slums and the removal of unauthorised street vendors, often carried out in the name of urban development, traffic management, or public order, have profound socioeconomic consequences, particularly for low-income communities. These operations displace thousands of individuals who rely on informal businesses and low-cost housing for their survival, pushing them into deeper financial distress. Street vendors, who provide affordable goods and services to urban populations, often face abrupt removals without viable alternatives, leading to loss of income and unemployment. Similarly, slum dwellers, many of whom are daily wage earners, are frequently evicted without proper resettlement plans, forcing them into precarious living conditions. These actions frequently spark protests from affected groups and human rights organisations, who argue that such evictions violate fundamental rights to shelter and livelihood. Allegations of excessive force, lack of due process, and political or commercial motives further intensify public outrage. While authorities justify these drives as necessary for maintaining order and ensuring accessibility in crowded urban areas, critics argue that a more balanced approach — such as providing designated vending zones and affordable housing — would be a fairer and more sustainable solution.

Recently, in Dhanmondi, a teenage boy running a small roadside food stall had his business demolished during a mobile court operation led by an executive magistrate. Arguing that he had committed no crime, the boy, a struggling student supporting his family, insisted that while the police could arrest him, they had no right to destroy his stall. In frustration, he extended his hands, daring the police to arrest him, which they ultimately did on the magistrate’s order. While in the police vehicle, some officers reportedly struck him. This incident highlights the stark contrast between legal enforcement and personal struggle — while the authorities deemed his actions illegal, the boy saw himself as merely trying to survive, raising moral questions beyond legal justifications.

During operations, police officers may not always perfectly judge the boundary between enforcement and overreach, but professionalism requires them to recognise when they are crossing the line. This awareness is cultivated through extensive training and strict legal guidelines. Officers must not let personal anger or frustration influence their actions, ensuring that their temperament does not overshadow their organisational role. Even if they struggle personally, they must maintain self-control and avoid taking out their emotions on the accused.

The demolition of illegal structures and the eviction of encroachers from public lands and railway properties often lead to significant social unrest, as affected individuals frequently claim implicit permission to settle due to prolonged occupation and informal arrangements with local authorities. Many residents and business owners argue that they have lived or operated in these spaces for years, paying informal taxes or fees, and therefore deserve legal recognition or compensation before displacement. The sudden nature of these evictions often results in violent confrontations between law enforcement agencies and those being removed, as families and business owners resist losing their homes and sources of income without alternative arrangements. Protests and legal challenges commonly follow, with demands for rehabilitation, compensation, or resettlement programmes. Human rights organisations and activists criticise these operations for disproportionately affecting the poor, who often lack the resources to relocate or challenge evictions legally. While authorities justify these actions as necessary for infrastructure development, environmental conservation, or urban planning, the lack of prior consultation and adequate rehabilitation measures continues to fuel resentment, highlighting the need for a more humane and structured approach to addressing illegal settlements.

Restrictions on public assemblies and expression

RESTRICTIONS on public demonstrations, police actions during hartals (strikes) and blockades, and arrests related to defamation, cyber offences, or social media posts have sparked widespread concerns about the suppression of civil liberties and political bias. Authorities often justify limitations on public gatherings as necessary for maintaining public order and preventing disruptions; however, critics argue that these restrictions disproportionately target opposition groups, activists, and dissenting voices, undermining the democratic right to peaceful assembly. Similarly, law enforcement actions during hartals and blockades, such as baton charges, tear gas deployment, and mass arrests, are frequently criticised for excessive use of force, raising concerns about selective enforcement and political suppression. The detainment of individuals on charges related to defamation, cyber offences, or social media posts has further fuelled allegations of curbing freedom of expression, as journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens have faced legal repercussions for expressing dissenting views. Such actions contribute to a climate of fear and self-censorship, discouraging open political discourse and public criticism. While authorities cite national security and public order as justifications for these measures, the growing perception of bias and disproportionate responses highlights the need for a more balanced approach that upholds both security and fundamental democratic rights.

Private vehicle requisition for police and government use

THE practice of requisitioning private vehicles for official police purposes in Bangladesh, though legally sanctioned and compensated by the government, often creates significant inconvenience and dissatisfaction among vehicle owners. Many owners find the compensation inadequate and the process disruptive, particularly when their vehicles are required at short notice or for extended periods. This practice also raises concerns about the equitable application of requisition orders and the lack of sufficient government-owned resources to fulfil official needs. Addressing these issues may require reforms, such as improving the compensation framework, limiting the duration of requisitions, and expanding government vehicle fleets to reduce reliance on private property, thereby balancing state needs with public convenience and trust.

Crackdowns on unregistered or unauthorised vehicles and the enforcement of traffic rules and fines are intended to improve road safety and maintain order, but they often generate frustration among vehicle owners, drivers, and the general public. Many drivers of unauthorised vehicles, such as motorcycles, rickshaws, and makeshift transport services, argue that they operate out of economic necessity and that sudden crackdowns severely impact their livelihoods. Additionally, vehicle owners who struggle with bureaucratic delays in registration and licensing often view these enforcement measures as unfair, especially when alternatives or solutions are not provided. The imposition of traffic fines, while essential for ensuring compliance with road regulations, frequently leads to allegations of selective enforcement, where traffic police are accused of targeting certain groups while ignoring violations by influential individuals or commercial transport operators. Corruption further exacerbates public resentment, as some motorists claim they are unfairly penalised or pressured to offer bribes to avoid fines. While authorities defend these measures as crucial for reducing accidents, easing congestion, and ensuring public safety, the perceived inconsistency in enforcement and the financial burden on lower-income drivers highlight the need for a more transparent, fair, and supportive approach, including awareness campaigns and streamlined regulatory processes.

Crime prevention and security operations

DRUG raids, anti-narcotics operations, enforcement of curfews and movement restrictions, and arrests under preventive detention laws are often justified as essential measures for maintaining law and order, but they frequently raise concerns about human rights violations, excessive force, and political misuse. While drug raids aim to curb the spread of narcotics and dismantle trafficking networks, allegations of extrajudicial actions, false accusations, and the targeting of marginalised communities create widespread apprehension. Many fear that individuals, particularly from lower-income backgrounds, may be unfairly implicated or used as scapegoats, while major drug operators remain beyond the reach of law enforcement. Similarly, the enforcement of curfews and movement restrictions, especially during political unrest or national emergencies, often leads to frustration when measures appear excessive or disproportionately impact ordinary citizens, restricting their ability to work, travel, or access essential services. The arrest and detention of individuals under preventive detention laws and the Special Powers Act of 1974 further fuel concerns about political bias, as opposition leaders, activists, and critics of the government frequently face detention without formal charges. Critics argue that such laws, originally designed for public safety, are sometimes exploited as tools for silencing dissent or consolidating political power. While authorities maintain that these measures are crucial for national security and public order, the lack of transparency, due process, and accountability highlights the need for more balanced, legally sound, and rights-based enforcement practices.

Cultural, religious, and social restrictions

STRICT law enforcement during religious or cultural gatherings, the enforcement of noise pollution and public nuisance laws, and the implementation of anti-begging and vagrancy laws are often justified as necessary for maintaining public order, but they frequently spark criticism for being excessive, selective, or inhumane. Heavy-handed policing at religious or cultural events, such as processions, festivals, or large congregations, is sometimes perceived as an unnecessary intervention that disrupts traditional practices and creates tension between authorities and communities. Similarly, the enforcement of noise pollution and public nuisance laws, while aimed at reducing disturbances, is often seen as selectively applied, with religious, social, and cultural traditions disproportionately affected while political or commercial activities receive leniency. Crackdowns on begging and vagrancy, especially before major national or international events, are widely condemned as lacking compassion, as they displace some of society’s most vulnerable individuals without addressing the root causes of poverty and homelessness. Critics argue that rather than penalising those in need, authorities should focus on long-term rehabilitation programmes, social welfare initiatives, and inclusive policies that respect cultural traditions while ensuring public order. While law enforcement agencies emphasise the necessity of these regulations for public safety and urban management, a more balanced, transparent, and community-orientated approach could help reduce public resentment and foster greater trust in legal authorities.

Militarisation of police

THE militarisation of police forces refers to the adoption of military-grade equipment, tactics, and mindsets by law enforcement agencies, often in the name of combating crime and maintaining public order. While such measures are justified for counter-terrorism or extreme public safety threats, their excessive use can escalate situations, foster fear in communities, and blur the line between civilian policing and military operations. The deployment of armoured vehicles, assault weapons, and combat gear in routine law enforcement scenarios risks alienating the public, particularly in peaceful protests or low-threat situations. Militarisation shifts the focus from community-orientated policing to a more confrontational approach, which can erode trust and contribute to cycles of violence. To strike a balance, law enforcement agencies must prioritise de-escalation strategies, invest in community engagement, and reserve militarised tools strictly for extraordinary circumstances.

In democratic societies, laws are expected to reflect the evolving values, beliefs, and expectations of the people. However, legal provisions may sometimes become outdated, failing to keep pace with societal progress, technological advancements, or shifts in public opinion. When laws are perceived as unjust, overly restrictive, or misaligned with contemporary social norms, they often face strong opposition, resulting in mass disobedience, civil disobedience movements, or widespread public campaigns demanding legal reform. Historical examples include struggles for civil rights, gender equality, and the decriminalisation of certain social behaviours that were once considered unlawful. In such situations, law enforcement agencies face the complex challenge of upholding existing laws while navigating widespread public dissent. A rigid or forceful approach can escalate tensions, leading to protests, confrontations, or even violent clashes. To prevent such crises and restore faith in the rule of law, law enforcement must prioritise transparent communication, actively engage with communities to understand their concerns, and ensure procedural fairness in their actions. By adopting a balanced approach that respects legal mandates and public sentiment, democratic institutions can facilitate peaceful reforms while maintaining social stability and order.

Public disapproval of police activities primarily stems from concerns over civil rights, livelihoods, and freedom of movement, highlighting the gap between legal justification and public perception. While law enforcement agencies operate within legal mandates, enhancing transparency, communication, and humane policy implementation can reduce resistance and improve public trust. Adopting a community-orientated approach through awareness campaigns, alternative rehabilitation measures, and engagement with affected communities can further mitigate discontent. Balancing strict enforcement with empathy and social considerations remains a key challenge for policing in Bangladesh.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263731/public-disapproval-of-police-activities

9

Law of Bangladesh / Politics, elections, and protocol of dignitaries

« on: May 03, 2025, 10:36:52 AM »

Politics, elections, and protocol of dignitaries

THE politicisation of police and the exertion of political control over law enforcement undermine the integrity and impartiality of policing. When police forces become subject to political influence, their priorities may shift from enforcing the law equitably to serving the interests of particular political groups or individuals. This erosion of neutrality can lead to selective enforcement, suppression of dissent, and a loss of public trust in the police as impartial protectors of justice. Moreover, it may compromise the professionalism and operational effectiveness of the police, as decisions may be driven by political considerations rather than objective assessments of public safety needs. To ensure accountability and public confidence, it is essential to establish and enforce clear legal and institutional safeguards that insulate police forces from political interference while fostering transparency, merit-based appointments, and adherence to the rule of law.

Citizens expect that the police force in Bangladesh must remain free from political influence, focusing solely on enforcing the law rather than advancing political agendas. Political interference in law enforcement has sometimes fostered public scepticism, with concerns that police actions may be swayed by political affiliations. To build a fair and unbiased police service, it is essential to establish strict policies that clearly separate law enforcement duties from political interests. Upholding independence in decision-making, promoting merit-based promotions, and enforcing adherence to legal principles are key measures to reinforce impartiality. A politically neutral police force not only upholds democratic values but also reassures the public that all individuals are treated fairly, regardless of political ties. The current process of transfers and postings for SPs and higher ranks, initiated by Police Headquarters and finalised at the top executive level of the government, opens the door to potential undue influence and favouritism since they go to the political leaders for assignment as they want. Delegating this authority exclusively to the IGP, in accordance with departmental rules and regulations, could help mitigate such interventions and promote a more transparent and merit-based system.

Police actions often come under scrutiny for allegations of partisanship, excessive force, and human rights violations, which have undermined public trust and political inclusivity. The issue of political authority over law enforcement is a focal point of contention between the ruling party and the opposition. Politicians regularly condemn the police for injustices, corruption, and violence, particularly during political demonstrations, attributing these faults to the ruling party, which leads to heated parliamentary and street disputes. Thus, the tripartite functional relationship among the police, ruling party, and opposition warrants careful evaluation, as strengthening the professionalism and accountability of the police is essential for sustainable political progress.

When police officers adopt a political tone in support of the government in power, it undermines the perception of their neutrality and professionalism, which are essential for maintaining public trust in law enforcement. Such behaviour can erode confidence in the police as an impartial institution and may create divisions within the force and among the public. To uphold their integrity, police officers must remain apolitical and adhere strictly to their duty of serving and protecting all citizens, regardless of political affiliations. Ensuring strict adherence to professional ethics and impartiality is crucial for sustaining the legitimacy of the police force in a democratic society.

The Bangladesh Police play a crucial role in ensuring election security by maintaining law and order, protecting polling stations, preventing violence and fraud, and upholding electoral laws, which are essential to fostering voter confidence and ensuring a fair democratic process in a politically charged environment. The police are also pivotal in mitigating pre-election threats, including coercion and intimidation by aspiring candidates against vulnerable groups, and addressing any actions of omission or commission that might disrupt peaceful elections. On election day, they safeguard the integrity of the voting process, prevent fraudulent practices like multiple voting or deceased individuals being fraudulently registered, and maintain peace to ensure a smooth transition to newly elected representatives. During the post-election period, their role remains critical in managing tensions, preventing violence, and ensuring stability amid conflicts between supporters of opposing political factions. Strengthening professionalism, training, and impartiality within the police force is essential to maintaining electoral integrity and reinforcing public trust in Bangladesh’s democratic system.

The police must remain apolitical, refraining from unethical practices such as ballot-stuffing on the eve of elections, and instead focus on preventing fraudulent voting, ensuring that only legitimate voters — living citizens — can cast their ballots. Paradoxically, while the police play a critical role in organising free and fair elections, they are often excluded from voting themselves, relegated to a status akin to second-class citizens in some nations. This sacrifice of a fundamental right underscores their designation as a selfless, service-orientated force, prioritising national welfare over personal or political interests. In many countries, including Indonesia, Thailand, Turkey, and Myanmar, police and military personnel face restrictions or outright bans on voting, aimed at preserving neutrality and preventing politicisation. While most democracies allow police to vote, they enforce strict codes of conduct to ensure impartiality. This ethos of service-driven neutrality is essential for upholding the integrity of democratic processes, as general elections are a cornerstone of political development and the foundation for establishing democratic governance and a robust civil society. In any future elections, people do not expect a repeat of the ballot stuffing seen in 2018, infamously known as ‘voting at night’, in which police were allegedly complicit.

Protocol and dignitary protection

THE protection of VIPs and dignitaries by the police is a highly coordinated operation aimed at ensuring their safety while maintaining public order. It involves meticulous planning, including risk assessments, intelligence gathering, route security, and the deployment of specialised units trained in close protection, crowd control, and emergency response. Standard procedures such as police escorts, motorcades, advanced security sweeps, access control measures, and surveillance enhance security, often in coordination with other agencies. In Bangladesh, police officers are also responsible for providing protocol and protection to dignitaries, including members of parliament. However, when these officials visit their constituencies, officers frequently accompany them with sirens activated, even in the absence of significant security threats. This practice can disrupt public peace and divert police resources from other critical law enforcement duties, potentially compromising overall public safety and service delivery. Therefore, balancing necessary security measures with efficient resource allocation is crucial to maintaining both dignitary protection and broader law enforcement effectiveness.

In Bangladesh, the practice of assigning police officers to provide constant protocol and protection to dignitaries, including members of parliament, even in the absence of any discernible security threat, raises questions about the efficient allocation of law enforcement resources. The frequent use of hooters and the continuous presence of officers with dignitaries often divert attention from other critical police duties, such as crime prevention and public safety. This overemphasis on protocol services not only strains police capacity but also perpetuates a perception of inequity in law enforcement priorities. To address this, a balanced approach is necessary, ensuring that dignitaries receive appropriate protection when genuinely required while enabling law enforcement to focus on broader responsibilities that benefit the entire community.

The practice of police officers in Bangladesh being escorted by police while travelling in cars, coupled with the display of personal opulence, projects an image of privilege that can alienate both the public and their peers within the force. Such displays often create resentment among lower-ranking officers who may feel undervalued, and they erode public trust by fostering perceptions of inequality and misuse of authority. To address this, the police leadership must promote a culture of humility, accountability, and professionalism, ensuring that officers embody the principles of public service rather than privilege.

In conclusion, ensuring an impartial and professional police force is vital for maintaining public trust, upholding democratic principles, and fostering political stability. Political interference in law enforcement undermines the integrity of policing, leading to selective enforcement, suppression of dissent, and a loss of credibility. Strengthening institutional safeguards, promoting merit-based appointments, and enforcing strict ethical standards can help insulate the police from political influence. Additionally, balancing dignitary protection with broader law enforcement duties is essential to ensure efficient resource allocation and equitable service to the public. Ultimately, a neutral, accountable, and service-orientated police force is fundamental to reinforcing democracy, justice, and social harmony in Bangladesh.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263537/politics-elections-and-protocol-of-dignitaries

10

Law of Bangladesh / Community engagement and gender sensitivity

« on: May 03, 2025, 10:33:25 AM »

Community engagement and gender sensitivity

POLICE legitimacy, the public’s confidence in law enforcement’s authority to act in the community’s best interest, is essential for building trust, fostering cooperation, and encouraging voluntary compliance with the law. It shapes citizens’ willingness to report crimes, support policing efforts, and uphold societal order. Rooted in procedural justice — transparency, impartiality, and respectful treatment — legitimacy strengthens when police demonstrate fairness and accountability. Conversely, corruption, discrimination, and excessive force erode trust, fuelling resistance and non-cooperation. To maintain legitimacy, law enforcement must uphold justice, actively engage with communities, and ensure accountability, as its erosion weakens police effectiveness and threatens public safety.

The relationship between police and the public is foundational to societal stability and trust, reflecting the degree to which law enforcement serves and protects its community. Ideally, this relationship is built on mutual respect, with the police acting as guardians of public safety while upholding justice and the rule of law. However, in many contexts, this relationship is strained by factors such as perceived or actual abuses of power, systemic discrimination, and lack of accountability. Communities that experience disproportionate policing or excessive use of force often harbour resentment, which undermines collaboration and public trust. Conversely, proactive measures such as community policing, transparency initiatives and constructive dialogue can improve this relationship, fostering a sense of shared responsibility for safety and justice. Trust between the police and the public is crucial for effective crime prevention, as cooperative communities are more likely to report crimes, assist in investigations, and participate in crime reduction initiatives.

People in Bangladesh increasingly expect the police to engage closely with local communities to address crime and social issues, particularly in rural and poorer urban areas where law enforcement is often seen as distant or unapproachable. Community policing, which fosters trust and cooperation through outreach programmes, neighbourhood policing, and collaborative crime prevention initiatives, is viewed as an effective approach. By engaging with citizens, police can gather intelligence, encourage crime reporting, and address real community concerns, reducing alienation in marginalised areas. However, the community policing initiative introduced by the Police Reform Programme in Bangladesh gradually became a flawed system, manipulated by individuals in power for personal and political gain, rather than promoting inclusivity and genuine service. The vision for an ideal police force emphasises inclusivity, empathy, and collaboration, ensuring that officers reflect the diversity of the communities they serve. Yet, past efforts were hindered by political interference, as those integrated into the system primarily served ruling party interests, limiting public engagement. Effective community policing requires sincere outreach, transparency, and shared responsibility through initiatives like neighbourhood watch programmes and police-community forums. By addressing past challenges and actively involving citizens in decision-making, law enforcement can strengthen public trust, enhance service delivery, and create safer, more cohesive societies.

 There is a growing expectation that the police should operate proactively, not merely react to emergencies like firefighters responding to a call. Instead, the police should function more like a postman, who delivers letters that the recipient may not anticipate. This proactive stance would allow the police to anticipate and address issues before they escalate, building a system where safety and service are seamlessly integrated into daily life. For instance, a student, whether from a rural or urban area, who is found wandering late at night or in potentially questionable places may raise concerns, as they are generally expected to be focused on their studies during this time. According to the law, police may detain the individual if they cannot provide a valid reason for their late-night presence. Such situations can sometimes be associated with substance abuse or other risky behaviours. Addressing these social issues requires cooperation and proactive involvement from the local community and even from their guardians.

The relationship between police, press media, and digital media is complex and multifaceted, shaping public perceptions and influencing the dynamics of accountability and transparency. Traditional press media often act as intermediaries between law enforcement and the public, reporting on police activities, crime, and justice-related issues. However, the rise of digital media has transformed this relationship, allowing real-time dissemination of information and amplifying the voices of citizens. Platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram enable individuals to document police actions, often bypassing traditional media gatekeepers. While this democratisation of information increases scrutiny and accountability, it also introduces challenges such as misinformation and polarisation. Police departments have increasingly embraced digital media for public relations, community outreach, and crisis communication, but the immediacy and virality of online content can escalate tensions during incidents of misconduct or brutality. Thus, the interplay between these entities reflects a delicate balance of power, trust, and responsibility in the digital age.

Collaboration with other public and private institutions is essential for effective policing and delivering comprehensive justice. By working closely with judicial bodies, civil society organisations, and social services, police can address the multifaceted nature of crime and ensure that justice extends beyond enforcement to rehabilitation and prevention. Coordinating with other law enforcement agencies at local, national, and international levels enhances the ability to respond to complex challenges such as organised crime, terrorism, and cross-border issues. Sharing information, expertise, and resources strengthens the collective capacity to address these threats while fostering a unified approach to public safety and justice.

By their very nature, police often find themselves deeply involved in the personal lives of individuals, sometimes becoming the sole witnesses to great tragedies, catastrophes, or the vicissitudes of life. The public expects the police to handle sensitive information with discretion, communicate respectfully, and resolve cases impartially. Compassion and humanity are essential qualities that citizens look for in their police force. The police are responsible for protecting the fundamental aspects of human life, often stepping in during moments of great crisis and vulnerability. They bear a profound responsibility in safeguarding human life, responding to crises, and witnessing the intricate realities and complexities of human experiences. Their interventions often extend beyond law enforcement to include compassion, support, and advocacy for individuals at their most vulnerable moments. This multifaceted role highlights the importance of equipping officers with the necessary skills, resources, and empathy to fulfil their duties effectively and ethically.

Police officers are entrusted with access to sensitive and classified information, making their role in safeguarding confidentiality vital to individual privacy, societal trust, and national security. The leakage of such information, whether intentional or accidental, can lead to personal harm, public unrest, and threats to a nation›s sovereignty, including compromised intelligence and strained international relations. To mitigate these risks, law enforcement must enforce strict confidentiality policies, adopt advanced security technologies, and provide training on ethical and secure information handling. Accountability measures, robust oversight, and fostering a culture of integrity within police forces are essential to maintaining public trust and protecting critical information. Failure to uphold this responsibility has far-reaching consequences for individuals, society, and the state.

The right to information from law enforcement is fundamental to transparency, accountability, and public trust in policing. Historically, the police have been perceived as a ‹blue bastion› — an institution shrouded in secrecy and difficult for ordinary citizens to access. However, in democratic societies, the public has a legitimate right to seek information about law enforcement policies, crime statistics, investigation procedures, and their own legal rights. Ensuring accessible communication channels, timely responses to public enquiries, and adherence to right-to-information laws can help bridge the gap between the police and the communities they serve. By promoting openness, law enforcement agencies can foster greater trust, encourage cooperation, and enhance the legitimacy of their role in society.

The Dhaka Metropolitan Police has created a database to collect and store information about tenants, inmates, and house owners residing in buildings, flats, and houses. This move has faced resistance from the public. This initiative has been intended to enhance security or streamline law enforcement processes, but it raises several concerns. Public resistance likely stems from fears of privacy invasion, potential misuse of data, and the lack of transparency in how the information will be used or secured. To address these concerns, DMP should clearly communicate the purpose of the database, implement strict data protection measures, and ensure compliance with laws that safeguard individual privacy rights. Engaging with community stakeholders and ensuring accountability could help build public trust in such initiatives.

 
Gender sensitivity and inclusivity

GENDER-SENSITIVE policing ensures law enforcement practices are informed by an understanding of gender dynamics, addressing the specific needs of women and marginalised groups. This approach emphasises fairness, inclusivity, and protection from gender-based violence and discrimination. It involves training officers to appropriately handle cases such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and harassment while upholding survivors’ rights and dignity. Additionally, recruiting and retaining women in police forces fosters diversity and enhances decision-making. Gender mainstreaming in policing systematically integrates gender perspectives into all policies, procedures, and practices to ensure equitable treatment and effectiveness. This includes gender-balanced recruitment, an inclusive work environment, and specialised training to address gender-based crimes. Collecting and analysing gender-disaggregated data further strengthens policy decisions, improves community trust, and enhances justice delivery. By adopting gender-sensitive approaches, law enforcement agencies can promote fairness, protect human rights, and contribute to broader societal equality.

Ensuring respectful and empathetic treatment of women and girls by the police is crucial for promoting gender equality and fostering trust in law enforcement. Officers should receive specialised training to address gender-specific vulnerabilities, particularly in cases of domestic violence, sexual harassment, and human trafficking. Police stations must provide safe and confidential spaces for women to report crimes, with female officers available for sensitive cases. Any misconduct or discrimination must be met with strict accountability measures. By adopting a gender-sensitive approach, police forces can strengthen community relationships and contribute to a safer, more equitable society for women and girls.

 People expect a police force that embraces diversity and ensures equal representation and participation of individuals from all segments of society. This involves recruiting personnel from different genders, ethnicities, religions, socioeconomic backgrounds, and marginalised communities to reflect the society they serve. Inclusivity also entails fostering a culture of respect, fairness, and non-discrimination within the organisation, ensuring that everyone, both within the force and in the broader community, feels valued and supported. By being inclusive, the police can build trust, enhance community engagement, and effectively address the unique needs of diverse populations. The Bangladesh police follow a structured, four-tier recruitment system for police officers, complemented by a separate process for recruiting non-police experts and civil staff. This approach is tailored to address the unique requirements of each rank, from constable to assistant superintendent of police. Embracing individuals from diverse backgrounds and fostering inclusivity within its ranks will help gain community trust.

Respect for other faiths within the police force is essential for fostering unity, mutual understanding, and a harmonious work environment. As law enforcement officers serve diverse communities, embracing religious tolerance ensures fair and impartial policing, free from bias or discrimination. Promoting interfaith respect strengthens teamwork, enhances morale, and upholds the fundamental principles of justice and human rights. Encouraging cultural awareness training and inclusive policies within the force helps prevent conflicts and reinforces a professional and ethical approach to policing. Ultimately, a police force that values religious diversity builds public trust and fosters stronger community relations.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263464/community-engagement-and-gender-sensitivity

11

Generative AI / Accelerate Student Outcomes with AI-Powered Adaptable Analytics

« on: April 29, 2025, 10:18:22 AM »

Accelerate Student Outcomes with AI-Powered Adaptable Analytics

SUMMARY: Adaptable analytics empowers higher education leaders with real-time, actionable insights that evolve with changing circumstances, enabling smarter decisions, more effective planning, and stronger team collaboration to proactively support student success.

In higher education, making timely, data-informed decisions to support students isn’t easy. The information you need is often scattered across systems, buried in static reports, or hard to translate into action. Whether you’re helping one student get back on track or trying to uncover systemic issues affecting entire groups, the key is having clear, actionable insights you can trust.

That’s where Adaptable Analytics comes in. With cutting-edge predictive and generative AI capabilities, Civitas Learning makes it easier to get answers to your most important questions. With our suite of AI-powered tools, Civitas Learning helps you to quickly get the information that matters, so that you can respond faster, plan smarter, and support student success at every level.

We call this “adaptable analytics” because it not only evolves in real time with your data, but also adapts to your institution’s priorities, challenges, and context. Unlike static, one-size-fits-all models, adaptable analytics use your institution’s data to uncover nuanced patterns often missed by standard tools, ensuring you focus on what matters most, precisely when it matters.

From Individual Support to Institutional Impact

Whether identifying at-risk students or exploring broader questions, like which student groups struggle to persist or which courses contribute to drop rates, adaptable analytics help you surface the right insights to action. It’s a core feature of the Civitas Learning Student Impact Platform, built to help institutions uncover what’s influencing student behavior and spot opportunities to deliver more effective support.

How It Works

Adaptable analytics combines predictive and generative AI to power timely, confident decision-making:

Predictive AI to anticipate student needs using institution-specific models
Generative AI to streamline tasks and decisions within connected, intelligent workflows
This combination helps answer complex questions in real time, such as:

Is Anna attending class regularly?
What’s most likely affecting her persistence?
How can we boost LMS engagement?
By surfacing the right insights at the right time, adaptable analytics allows you to spend less time managing systems and more time supporting students where it matters most.

Four Ways Adaptable Analytics Drives Outcomes

Turning data into actionable, accessible insights and getting it to the right people is a challenge many institutions face. In today’s fast-paced environment, leaders require a clear and comprehensive understanding of their students and institution to provide timely and effective support.

Adaptable analytics simplifies that process. Here are four ways it helps drive results:

From Reactive to Proactive Support

​Traditional analytics in higher education often rely on static, scheduled outputs like mid-semester grades, providing only periodic snapshots of student performance. In contrast, adaptable analytics offers real-time insights tailored to an institution’s specific needs. By integrating data from multiple sources, such as Student Information Systems (SIS), Learning Management Systems (LMS), career platforms, and case management systems, institutions can regularly assess the effectiveness of interventions and immediately apply findings to enhance decision-making and student outcomes.

For example, this analysis can generate predictions, refine them over time, and adjust support strategies based on student responses and emerging data patterns—well before grades indicate a need for help. This process runs continuously, so stakeholders can intervene before the course concludes.

Precise Insights for Faster Responses

Adaptable analytics are generated from models built for your specific institution and continuously adjust based on new information, like shifts in student engagement or performance. They are always adapting and learning to become more and more precise and understand what influences student outcomes at your institution. 

Where traditional tools flag broad indicators like a GPA below 2.0, adaptable analytics can go deeper, spotting, for example, that students who earn a C in English 1101 are more likely to fall behind. This level of precision allows advisors to dynamically group students based on real-time performance and context, scale personalized outreach, and monitor progress over time.

This analysis helps institutions move beyond one-size-fits-all support and diversify how they deliver support by personalizing how they engage with students. Leaders and their teams can monitor changes in persistence and adjust their outreach accordingly. With generative AI, they can quickly create personalized content, like messages and resources, boosting the efficiency of support services. AI-powered platforms let staff ask questions and get immediate, relevant answers without digging through dashboards or reports.

Coordinate Support to Help Students Thrive

Institutional research teams often generate valuable insights—but those insights are usually siloed, available only to the department that requested them. To better support students, especially those hesitant to ask for help, institutions need to make these insights accessible across teams, with the right permissions in place. This collaboration flags potential issues early and fosters more meaningful interactions. Instead of starting from scratch, staff can use data to spot potential challenges and guide students toward the right support.

For example, if Psychology 110 is a required course for both business and English majors and becomes a bottleneck, that insight shouldn’t live in just one department. With a shared view of the issue, academic leaders can coordinate solutions, like adding tutoring, adjusting course availability, or offering supplemental instruction.

At Slippery Rock University (SRU), adaptable analytics helped shape targeted programming for undeclared business majors. By connecting these students with career services and alumni, SRU helped them clarify their goals and academic paths. The data also showed that students who met with an advisor at least twice were more likely to persist. Adaptable analytics surface these intersecting patterns—like major status and advising frequency—so institutions can take action and improve outcomes where it matters most.

Assess Initiatives to Identify What Works

Higher education leaders understand that student success initiatives are essential, but the real impact comes from knowing which programs work for which students. With adaptable analytics, institutions can measure program effectiveness and predict which students will most likely benefit, enabling more targeted, efficient outreach and support through connected workflows.

Establishing a system for regular initiative assessment is key to driving better outcomes. The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) is a strong example. Using initiative analysis within the Civitas Learning Student Impact Platform, UTSA evaluated its Student Success Coaching program and uncovered a critical insight: coaching significantly boosted persistence among at-risk students who were previously unlikely to engage. Combined with broader strategies, this insight helped UTSA achieve a 16% increase in retention and a 14% increase in completion from 2012 to 2022.

Final Thoughts

Adaptable Analytics helps higher education leaders make smarter, faster decisions by turning complex student data into timely, actionable insights. By combining predictive and generative AI within connected workflows, institutions can deliver proactive, personalized support that evolves with student needs, leading to better outcomes, more efficient teams, and a stronger student experience.

Source: https://www.civitaslearning.com/blog/accelerate-student-outcomes-with-ai-powered-adaptable-analytics/?utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_E0DtqiPDoe1IZw1eVLreLOcIb-63XVy78C_QUWBF1pfKofpjSLYZdTz8CyhHxgMGOCWPXKQAJdblRo8tPi_NgdCXxpxzdtU6e6JpznqQO9HIfmGQ&_hsmi=358706930&utm_content=358071984&utm_source=hs_email

12

Law of Bangladesh / Human rights, use of force, and private defence

« on: April 28, 2025, 02:40:37 PM »

Human rights, use of force, and private defence

THE police, tasked with maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and protecting citizens, their role extends beyond traditional law enforcement to safeguarding fundamental human rights. In a democratic society, the police are not only enforcers of the law but also guardians of justice and equality. Upholding human rights lies at the core of modern policing, ensuring that individuals are treated with dignity, fairness, and respect, irrespective of their circumstances.

Human rights are universal, inalienable, and inherent to all individuals. These rights include the right to life, liberty, security, equality before the law, and freedom from torture or inhumane treatment, as enshrined in international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and regional frameworks like the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam. Policing, as a public service, must be firmly anchored in these principles.

The police expected to play a crucial role in upholding human rights while enforcing laws and maintaining public order. Their primary duty is to protect life and property, ensuring individuals’ security and safeguarding them from violence and crime. Law enforcement must be impartial, treating all individuals fairly regardless of background, thereby fostering trust and justice. When managing public assemblies, police must balance public safety with the right to peaceful protest, ensuring freedom of expression while preventing disorder. During arrests and investigations, they must uphold due process, respect the presumption of innocence, and protect suspects from excessive force or custodial abuse. Preventing torture and inhumane treatment of detainees aligns with international human rights standards and preserves the integrity of the justice system. Additionally, community engagement through outreach programmes and inclusive policing strengthens relationships between law enforcement and citizens, particularly marginalised groups, promoting cooperation and social harmony.

The police in Bangladesh play a vital role in upholding and safeguarding fundamental human rights as enshrined in the Constitution, especially in providing security, justice, and equality for all citizens. As the primary law enforcement agency, the police are responsible for upholding the right to life, liberty, and personal security by preventing and responding to crimes, protecting individuals from violence, and maintaining public order. They must ensure that all individuals, regardless of background, are treated equally before the law, as guaranteed by Article 27 of the Constitution. Additionally, the police are tasked with safeguarding freedom of speech, assembly, and movement while ensuring public safety, aligning with constitutional provisions such as Articles 36 to 39. In the criminal justice system, they play a key role in ensuring due process, protecting individuals from arbitrary arrest and detention, and preventing custodial abuse, in compliance with Articles 31 and 33. By adhering to legal and ethical standards, engaging with communities, and maintaining transparency and accountability, the police contribute to strengthening democracy, upholding human rights, and fostering public trust in Bangladesh.

The right of private defence, as outlined in Sections 96 to 106 of the Penal Code, 1860, allows individuals in Bangladesh to protect themselves or others from imminent harm when law enforcement assistance is unavailable. This safeguard preserves life, liberty, and property by permitting necessary and proportionate defensive actions in response to threats such as theft, robbery, and assault. However, the use of force must be reasonable and directly related to the level of threat faced, as excessive or retaliatory actions are not protected under the law. The principle ensures that individuals are not left defenceless in dangerous situations while maintaining a balance to prevent misuse or abuse.

This right also extends to law enforcement officers, who may need to use reasonable force in self-defence or to protect others while fulfilling their duties. However, given their role in upholding justice and human rights, police officers are held to a higher standard of accountability. Any misuse of force, even under the claim of private defence, can erode public trust and undermine the legitimacy of law enforcement actions. To maintain social order and justice, it is crucial to educate both citizens and law enforcement personnel about the legal boundaries of private defence. Promoting awareness and accountability ensures that this right serves its intended purpose—protecting individuals while fostering a just and harmonious society.

The use of force by the police is a crucial but sensitive aspect of law enforcement, necessary for protecting public safety, preventing crime, and maintaining order. However, this power must be exercised judiciously, proportionately, and within legal and ethical boundaries to uphold public trust and human rights. Both national and international frameworks regulate police use of force, ensuring it remains a last resort and is applied only when necessary. In Bangladesh, relevant laws such as the Police Act 1861, the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, and the Police Regulations 1943 establish guidelines for their lawful application. Globally, the United Nations Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (1990) emphasise necessity, proportionality, and accountability to prevent misuse.

To maintain legitimacy, police officers must be trained in de-escalation techniques and alternative conflict resolution methods. The improper or excessive use of force can undermine public confidence, violate human rights, and erode the integrity of law enforcement institutions. Effective oversight mechanisms, including transparent investigations and accountability measures, are essential to ensure that officers adhere to the principles of necessity and proportionality. By following established legal and ethical standards, law enforcement agencies can balance their duty to maintain order while respecting individual rights and freedoms.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263341/human-rights-use-of-force-and-private-defence

13

Law of Bangladesh / Responsive police

« on: April 27, 2025, 01:15:35 PM »

Responsive police

THE police station, as the frontline of law enforcement, serves as the primary point of contact between citizens and the police, often being the only accessible government institution for people in distress. Officers at this level are responsible not only for enforcing laws but also for addressing the immediate needs of individuals seeking assistance, making responsive policing essential for fostering trust, ensuring justice, and maintaining public order. Public perception of the police’s efficiency and fairness largely depends on their experiences at the station level, where timely justice, effective grievance redressal, and protection for vulnerable groups, including women, children, and marginalised communities, are crucial.

A responsive police force ensures that victims feel heard, conflicts are resolved promptly, and complaints are treated with urgency, thereby strengthening community trust and enhancing crime prevention. As first responders to crises — whether stemming from human actions, such as crimes, accidents, or civil disturbances, or from natural calamities like floods, earthquakes, or storms — police officers play a critical role in maintaining order, ensuring safety, and providing and facilitating aid. Their presence symbolises reassurance and reliability, reinforcing their role as essential public servants in times of distress.

Every police station has assigned an emergency officer to respond to any serious call. The officer is expected to respond to any emergency call. But duty officers in police stations of major cities in Bangladesh, frequently overwhelmed by administrative tasks, often have divided attention, which limits their focus on individual cases. This heavy workload contributes to delays, deprioritisation of cases, and frustration among victims, who may feel neglected and unsupported in their times of need.

Responsive policing in the digital age emphasises the ability of law enforcement agencies to quickly and effectively address citizen concerns received through modern communication platforms. With the widespread use of cell phones, social media, and dedicated digital portals, the police shall be better equipped to receive real-time information and respond promptly to emergencies, complaints, and queries. These platforms enable citizens to report incidents, request assistance, or seek information with ease, fostering a sense of transparency and accessibility. By integrating advanced technology such as GPS tracking, data analytics, and AI, alongside a commitment to round-the-clock monitoring, the police can ensure timely interventions and efficient service delivery. This approach not only enhances public trust but also empowers communities to actively engage in maintaining law and order.

Even though officers have access to official cellular communication facilities, they sometimes ignore calls from unknown numbers. In Bangladesh, the tendency of police officers to prioritise calls from known or influential individuals while disregarding those from unfamiliar numbers raises concerns about impartiality and equitable service delivery. Such practices erode public confidence in law enforcement by suggesting bias and preferential treatment rather than a commitment to justice and accountability. Every citizen, regardless of status or influence, deserves equal access to police assistance, and responses should be based on the urgency and gravity of the situation, not the caller’s identity. To foster trust and ensure fairness, it is crucial to establish and enforce strict protocols requiring equal attention to all calls, alongside comprehensive training to reinforce integrity and neutrality in policing.

A one-stop service in policing and law enforcement is a centralised approach that allows individuals to access various legal, policing, and victim support services in a single location or through a single point of contact. This model aims to improve efficiency, reduce stress for victims, and enhance collaboration among agencies such as police, legal aid, child protection, and social services. It focuses on a victim-centred approach, minimising re-traumatisation by reducing the need to repeatedly recount experiences, while technology integration ensures seamless case tracking and support. Examples include family justice centres for domestic violence victims, child protection units for abused children, and police service centres offering crime reporting, licensing, and community programmes. Benefits include improved accessibility, streamlined processes, victim empowerment, and stronger community trust, though challenges like resource allocation, inter-agency coordination, and data privacy must be addressed. Real-world examples, such as Singapore’s One-Stop Service Centres and South Africa’s Thuthuzela Care Centres, demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in providing holistic, compassionate, and efficient law enforcement services. The Bangladesh police have introduced initiatives such as service verification and police clearance certificates, which the public hopes will be expanded and implemented across other areas of police work.

Digital modernisation, such as online crime reporting, case tracking, and helplines like ‘999’, introduced and organised by the Bangladesh government, marks a significant step forward. Still, it requires expansion to meet the demands of an increasingly connected society. Predictive policing tools, real-time data access, and improved infrastructure can further enhance efficiency, enabling law enforcement to address contemporary challenges effectively. Citizens now envision a police service that integrates online platforms for crime reporting, even lodging of crime with the police, general diary filing, and easy access to information, paralleling the convenience of other digital services. While initiatives like the ‘999’ helpline demonstrate progress, a comprehensive approach to digital transformation is essential to align with evolving public expectations and maximise the potential of modernisation in fostering trust and efficiency.

Responsive policing is essential for building public trust, ensuring justice, and maintaining order. Police stations serve as the primary contact point for citizens, making their efficiency and fairness crucial. While digital tools like GPS tracking and real-time data can enhance police responsiveness, their full integration remains a challenge in Bangladesh. Issues such as selective responsiveness and administrative burdens hinder effective service delivery.

 addition to responsive policing, the police play a crucial role in crisis and emergency response by ensuring public safety, maintaining order, and providing immediate assistance during disasters, accidents, and security threats. Their responsibilities include rapid deployment to incident sites, crowd control, evacuation management, and coordination with other emergency services such as fire departments, medical teams, and disaster response agencies. Police officers assess risks, enforce laws, and take preventive measures to minimise harm while also offering critical support to affected individuals and communities. In cases of terrorist attacks, hostage situations, or violent conflicts, specialised police units intervene to neutralise threats and restore stability. Effective crisis and emergency response by the police requires strategic planning, advanced training, and seamless communication with relevant stakeholders to mitigate risks and protect lives.

When a road accident occurs, the police play a vital role in ensuring quick medical treatment for the injured. As first responders, they prioritise assessing the severity of injuries and immediately alerting emergency medical services to dispatch ambulances to the scene. Police officers often administer basic first aid if trained to do so, stabilising victims until professional medical help arrives. They also work to clear the way for ambulances by managing traffic, ensuring that delays are minimised. In cases where ambulances are delayed, police vehicles may transport critically injured individuals to the nearest hospital. Their swift and coordinated actions significantly enhance the chances of survival and recovery for accident victims.

In the event of arson or fire, the police play a crucial role in ensuring public safety, coordinating emergency responses, and investigating the cause of the incident. Their immediate priorities include securing the area, evacuating affected individuals, and assisting firefighters in managing the scene to prevent further harm. Police officers help establish perimeters to control access, ensuring that only authorised personnel are present. In cases of suspected arson, they work closely with fire investigators to collect evidence, interview witnesses, and identify potential suspects. By maintaining order and facilitating the swift flow of information between emergency services and the public, the police contribute significantly to minimising damage, protecting lives, and ensuring accountability for criminal actions.

The police play a crucial role in humanitarian assistance by ensuring safety, security, and order during emergencies and crises. In times of natural disasters, armed conflicts, or large-scale displacements, they facilitate the protection of vulnerable populations, including women, children, and the elderly, while maintaining public order. Police officers often collaborate with humanitarian organisations to provide logistical support, manage crowd control, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid. They also investigate incidents of exploitation, trafficking, or violence that may arise in humanitarian settings, thereby upholding the rule of law. By addressing both immediate and long-term security concerns, the police contribute significantly to the effective delivery of humanitarian aid and the restoration of stability in affected communities.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263160/responsive-police

14

Law of Bangladesh / Accountability, ethics and commitment

« on: April 27, 2025, 01:13:41 PM »

Accountability, ethics and commitment

Violent policing during a rally against civil service job reservation in Dhaka in July 2024. | Agence France-Presse/Abu Sufian Jewel

PEOPLE expect the police to have high ethical and moral standards. Personal lives of police officers often come under public scrutiny, with instances where families of officers interfere in police administration, sometimes for personal gain. This interference can lead to feelings of deprivation and disappointment within the force. The involvement of police officers’ families in administrative matters for personal gain, coupled with the exposure of scandalous activities on digital platforms in a few cases, poses serious challenges to the integrity and image of the police force. Such actions not only undermine internal morale by fostering frustration and resentment among officers but also erode public trust in law enforcement. Addressing these issues requires a robust code of conduct, stricter oversight, and effective measures to safeguard the professional and ethical standards of the police force.

People expect the police to uphold good conduct, but misconduct such as acrimonious behaviour, abusive language and general unprofessionalism undermines public trust and the integrity of law enforcement. Whether stemming from arrogance, disappointment or inadequate training, such actions escalate conflicts and create hostility between the police and the community. They demean individuals, foster resentment and weaken the legitimacy of the police force. To maintain public trust and cooperation, law enforcement must ensure rigorous accountability, continuous ethics training and a firm commitment to professionalism.

Etiquette and courtesy are fundamental to effective policing and the maintenance of public trust. Police officers are expected to demonstrate professionalism, respect and compassion in their interactions with all members of the community, regardless of circumstances. Polite and courteous communication, active listening and unbiased behaviour are essential traits that foster cooperation and mutual respect. Officers must exercise restraint and composure, even in challenging situations, to de-escalate conflicts and uphold the dignity of those they serve. By adhering to high standards of etiquette and courtesy, police officers not only enhance their credibility but also strengthen their role as protectors of justice and public order.

The police abuse of authority occurs when law enforcement officers exceed their lawful powers or misuse their position to exploit, intimidate or harm individuals or communities. This can take the form of excessive use of force, corruption, discrimination, wrongful arrests or unlawful surveillance. Such behaviour not only violates the rights of those affected but also erodes public trust in the police. Abuse of authority often disproportionately affects vulnerable or marginalised groups, exacerbating social inequalities and tensions. It is crucial to implement strong accountability mechanisms, ensure an independent oversight of police actions, promote a culture of integrity and respect for human rights within police forces to address this issue.

Professionalism and discipline are crucial for police officers to uphold public trust and ensure effective law enforcement. In Bangladesh, maintaining discipline within the police force is essential to prevent misconduct and ensure accountability. Officers must handle difficult situations calmly, communicate respectfully, and adhere to high ethical standards. As a constitutionally mandated disciplined force, the Bangladesh Police must follow a strict code of conduct and government regulations. Operating under a hierarchical structure, senior officers oversee subordinates, provide guidance and enforce disciplinary measures when necessary.

As the enforcers and guardians of the law, police officers must not only embody honesty but also cultivate trust by being perceived as ethical and just. A corruption-free police force fosters public confidence, ensuring that citizens feel protected rather than exploited. Ethical policing practices enhance the credibility of law enforcement and contribute to a fair and just society. However, reports of bribery and corruption involving police officers, frequently highlighted in the press, present a significant challenge to the integrity of law enforcement. While officers may publicly brush aside such allegations, the existence of corruption cases registered by the anti-corruption authority suggests a deeper systemic issue. This disconnect between public perceptions, media reports, and official denials undermines trust in the police force and weakens its credibility. To address this, law enforcement agencies must embrace transparency, fully cooperate with anti-corruption investigations, and implement rigorous internal accountability mechanisms. Only by implementing these measures can the police rebuild public trust and uphold the ethical standards they are expected to maintain.

Officers are expected to be honest in their statements. If they try to hide something, it can raise suspicion. In today’s digital age, very little remains hidden. Reports have emerged online about corruption and the accumulation of large sums of money involving some high-ranking police and civil service officers. These claims have often been dismissed by them as propaganda. It is challenging to deceive everyone, especially those engaged in investigative journalism. One police chief even wrote a book in which he claimed he promised his mother never to indulge in any form of corruption throughout his life. Such hypocritical statements erode trust in police officers and result in the stigmatisation of all officers. Through their connections with dubious elements of the ruling elite, these officers have reached the pinnacle of success while many highly professional officers have been relegated to less significant positions. This mirrors Gresham’s law in economics, where bad money drives out good, reflecting a dynamic where unethical practices overshadow integrity within the system.

Enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killing and crossfire incidents are significant human rights concerns associated with security forces and the police in many countries, including Bangladesh. These practices involve unlawful detention, targeted killing without due process and staged encounters often justified as self-defence or combating crimes. Victims of enforced disappearances are often detained secretly, with families left in anguish, unaware of their loved ones’ fate. Extrajudicial killings and crossfire incidents frequently occur under the pretext of maintaining law and order, bypassing judicial systems and eroding public trust. Such actions undermine the rule of law, violate international human rights standards and often lead to widespread fear and impunity. Advocacy for transparency, accountability, and legal reforms is critical to address these abuses and restore confidence in law enforcement agencies. The enforced disappearance committees formed under the interim government has revealed very shocking and alarming news of enforced disappearance involving a large number of people that affected their family and friends very adversely with the irreparable loss of their loved one. One incident, in Jhenidah, carried out by security forces, claimed the life of a man, whose father revealed it on social media. Stricken with profound grief and despair, the father, disillusioned by the prevailing criminal justice system, chose not to seek earthly justice. Instead, he entrusted the matter to the divine justice of the afterlife.

As guardians of law and order, the police must align their actions with principles of dignity, fairness, and legality, ensuring individuals’ rights to life, liberty and security while avoiding excessive force, arbitrary detention or discrimination. Their responsibilities include protecting people from violence and abuse, ensuring due process, and safeguarding freedoms such as speech and movement. Professional policing demands adherence to legal procedures, ethical treatment of all individuals irrespective of background and a commitment to de-escalation and non-violent conflict resolution. Integrating human rights education into training programmes, maintaining transparency and implementing oversight mechanisms reinforce accountability and strengthen public trust. By upholding these values, the police not only fulfil their legal duties but also sustain the foundational principles of a just and equitable society.

In democratic societies, the police are expected to be accountable to multiple internal and external bodies to prevent misuse of power and ensure they remain free from political interference or abuse. Independent civilian oversight bodies play a critical role in this accountability framework by investigating complaints of misconduct, reviewing the use of force, and making recommendations to improve policing practices. These mechanisms such as oversight boards, civilian review committees and accessible complaint-tracking systems promote transparency, fairness and impartiality in law enforcement. Persistent issues like bribery, extrajudicial killings, and case tampering underscore the need for robust oversight and reform. Public reporting of police activities and unbiased investigations are essential for maintaining credibility, ensuring justice, and demonstrating that the police are not above the law. By holding officers accountable and operating transparently, the police can rebuild public confidence, uphold the rule of law, and reinforce their role as trusted guardians of justice. In spite of the strong support and commitment from the police, the establishment of an independent oversight body remains stalled. As a result, the public stands to lose a crucial opportunity to benefit from a globally recognised mechanism that is essential for ensuring police accountability.

The use of body-worn cameras and other modern devices has been widely adopted in democratic policing as a tool to enhance transparency. Studies have shown that body cameras reduce the frequency of use-of-force incidents and complaints against officers, as they provide an objective record of interactions between police and citizens. Additionally, the presence of body cameras can improve both officers and citizens’ behaviour, as both parties are aware of being recorded.

Maintaining ethical standards, accountability, and transparency in policing is crucial for public trust and justice. While law enforcement officers are expected to uphold integrity and professionalism, issues such as corruption, abuse of power, and extrajudicial actions undermine credibility. Addressing these challenges requires strict codes of conduct, independent oversight and a culture of accountability. Ethics training, community engagement and modern tools like body-worn cameras can enhance transparency and reduce misconduct. Ultimately, a just and effective police force operates within the law, respects human rights, and ensures dignity and fairness for all, reinforcing its role as a trusted guardian of justice and public safety.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/263220/accountability-ethics-and-commitment

15

Law of Bangladesh / The police station: a service centre

« on: April 24, 2025, 03:46:48 PM »

The police station: a service centre

| —New Age

THE police station, locally known as thana in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, serves as the fundamental unit of law enforcement. Rooted in the colonial administrative framework, the thana has evolved to adapt to the socio-political and cultural context of the region. In Bangladesh, the thana is both a geographical jurisdiction and a physical establishment that upholds public safety, enforces laws, and ensures community safety. Its significance lies in its accessibility, as it operates as the first point of contact between citizens and the law enforcement apparatus.

A thana is typically situated at the heart of a specific administrative area, often encompassing urban and rural regions. Each thana is headed by an officer-in-charge, who oversees a team of police personnel, including inspector (operation), inspector (investigation), sub-inspectors (SIs), assistant sub-inspectors (ASIs), and constables. The jurisdiction of a thana is well-defined, covering a cluster of neighbourhoods, villages, or wards, depending on the population density and geographic spread. The thana has police outposts, police boxes, and investigation centres to reach out to the people at the local level.

In its physical form, a thana is equipped with facilities for public service, administrative work, and detention. It houses rooms for receiving complaints, maintaining records, and coordinating operations, as well as temporary lock-up cells for suspects. The thana is at the forefront of maintaining law and order. Its primary functions include crime prevention, investigation, and community engagement. Citizens approach the thana to lodge First Information Reports and General Diary which initiate the legal process for criminal investigations. Police personnel investigate cases, collect evidence, and liaise with the judicial system to ensure the rule of law. Given its importance, police stations are fortified to ensure the safety of law enforcement personnel, sensitive case records, confiscated evidence, and detained individuals. Armed sentries are strategically positioned at entrances and key locations within the premises to safeguard not only the infrastructure but also the personnel and property housed within the station.

In addition to crime control, thanas are pivotal during emergencies, such as natural disasters, political unrest, or public demonstrations. Police stations also play a significant role in conflict resolution at the local level, often mediating disputes among community members. Furthermore, thanas are responsible for executing arrest warrants, maintaining records of habitual offenders, and ensuring public safety through regular patrolling. In rural areas, the police station often works in collaboration with local community leaders to uphold peace and resolve minor disputes.

One of the most crucial roles of a thana is to foster trust and collaboration with the local community. Modern policing increasingly emphasises community policing as a way to address crime and societal issues. By engaging with citizens, holding awareness campaigns, and responding promptly to complaints, thanas can build bridges of trust and transparency between law enforcement and the public. Due to the changing nature of crimes and the evolving demands and problems of the growing population, the functional capacity of police stations as law enforcement centres has increased significantly. Consequently, the number of police personnel assigned to police stations has also grown. Modern policing has introduced various new features in police stations, such as the formation of beat policing and community policing, the establishment of service reception desks, facilities for women and children, open house days, computer and IT services, separate waiting areas for men, women, and physically challenged individuals (Smart 4T), briefing rooms, and separate barracks for male and female officers.

While security is essential for protecting police stations against potential threats, stringent access control measures often create barriers for ordinary citizens seeking police assistance. The process of entering a police station is not always straightforward, particularly for marginalised individuals, those unfamiliar with police procedures, or those without personal connections within law enforcement. These restrictions, originally implemented for security purposes, are further reinforced by bureaucratic rigidity and remnants of colonial-era policing practices, which historically prioritised authority and control over community engagement and public service.

Since the Thana serves as the primary service delivery centre for law enforcement, modern police stations should not resemble fortified enclaves that impose undue restrictions on public access. Instead, security can be maintained without compromising accessibility by adopting a more citizen-friendly approach. Sentries should be trained to interact with visitors in a way that ensures safety while fostering an open and welcoming environment. Additionally, the deployment of advanced security technologies — such as biometric access systems, surveillance cameras with facial recognition, and automated entry points — can enhance protection while reducing the reliance on static personnel at entry and exit points. Creating designated public access zones within police stations, where individuals can seek help without unnecessary procedural hurdles, can further improve service delivery. Striking the right balance between security and public accessibility is crucial to fostering trust in law enforcement and ensuring that police stations remain approachable spaces for all citizens.

Although police stations are mandated to remain open and functional 24/7 to serve the public, the reality is that citizens frequently encounter obstacles when attempting to enter. The lack of clear guidelines on how to navigate the system, combined with a perceived sense of intimidation created by armed personnel and rigid protocols, can discourage people from seeking police assistance, even in urgent situations. In many instances, victims of crime, particularly those from vulnerable communities, may feel hesitant to approach the police station due to fear of harassment, discrimination, or being turned away without assistance.

The situation becomes even more complex in metropolitan areas like Dhaka, where high population density, frequent crime reports, and administrative inefficiencies contribute to longer wait times and increased difficulty in accessing police services. It is not uncommon for individuals to spend hours attempting to reach the duty officer, especially in larger police stations handling a high volume of cases. In such circumstances, the very institution designed to protect and assist citizens risks becoming an unapproachable fortress, further widening the gap between law enforcement and the communities they are meant to serve.

Furthermore, people expect basic amenities at police stations, such as a waiting area with seating, a dedicated corner for women and children, and access to drinking water. Clean and accessible police stations symbolise inclusivity and reinforce the perception of law enforcement as a public ally rather than an obstacle. Currently, many police stations lack even these essentials — often no chairs, restrooms, or private spaces — forcing victims to wait uncomfortably. This lack of facilities sends a clear, disheartening message: police stations are unwelcoming and only seem accessible to those with influence or financial means. Much like hospitals, where people receive care, police stations should be welcoming, safe spaces for those seeking support, as they deal with fundamental aspects of people’s lives—safety, life, and property. Police stations should serve as accessible and welcoming public spaces where every individual is treated with fairness and dignity.

Notably, many police stations, outposts, and investigation centres lack physical infrastructure altogether. In major cities, police often operate out of rented buildings that are neither designed for police work nor secure from potential criminal threats. Inadequate infrastructure severely hampers police effectiveness. Realistically, the police cannot solve every problem instantly — some cases are beyond their jurisdiction or lack sufficient evidence for immediate resolution. However, the public expects that the police will always act with due diligence and sincerity, exhausting every effort to uncover the truth and solve cases to the best of their ability. People often believe that the police have the power to do anything and everything. This myth and stereotype must be dispelled from the public’s mindset through active engagement and education.

In police parlance, the engagement of sources or agents by police for gathering information on crimes and criminals is a critical tool in modern law enforcement. These sources, often embedded within communities or criminal networks, provide valuable intelligence that aids in crime prevention and investigation. However, this practice is not without risks. Some sources may misuse their association with the police to further personal agendas, settle personal vendettas, or gain undue advantage in their social or professional circles. Such abuse of power can tarnish the credibility of police operations and create mistrust within the community. Therefore, it is imperative for law enforcement agencies to establish robust oversight mechanisms, enforce strict ethical guidelines, and maintain accountability to ensure that the engagement of sources is both effective and free from misuse. Proper vetting, regular monitoring, and a clear delineation of the source’s role can help mitigate these risks and uphold the integrity of police work.

In Bangladesh, unpaid brokers or touts often operate around police stations, offering to facilitate services for individuals seeking assistance. These intermediaries, usually with informal connections to police personnel, claim to expedite processes, secure favourable outcomes, or navigate bureaucratic hurdles for those unfamiliar with police procedures. While some may provide genuine guidance, many exploit vulnerable individuals by creating unnecessary complexities to showcase their utility, often demanding money in exchange for help. This practice not only burdens people financially and emotionally but also erodes trust in the police by fostering the perception that direct access to services is difficult without intermediaries. Additionally, interactions with police station sentries can sometimes be dismissive, reinforcing the notion that police stations are indifferent or even hostile, particularly toward those without social connections. To address this issue, police stations must be free from intermediaries, sentries should be more proactive in assisting visitors without compromising security, and greater transparency and accountability must be ensured to eliminate reliance on such informal agents.

One of the most significant obstacles to effective crime investigation is the lack of resources. Inadequate funding, insufficient forensic tools, and a shortage of qualified personnel hinder the police’s ability to conduct thorough investigations. The General Diary entries or complaints filed by citizens are crucial for ensuring justice and safety. However, investigating these matters often lacks any government-provided budget or vehicle allocation. Sub-inspectors or assistant sub-inspectors frequently rely on personal funds to hire CNGs or auto-rickshaws to visit incident sites. Depending on the distance, these rides cost between Tk 500 and Tk 1,000. On average, a rural police station handles 20-25 GDs or complaints monthly, making the cumulative expense significant. It is imperative for the government to allocate specific funds to cover these recurring investigation costs.

Government allocations for fuel allow patrol vehicles to operate for only 15-20 days a month. To sustain operations for the remaining days, SIs/ASIs must bear fuel costs out of pocket. After enduring sleepless nights on patrol duty, it is unreasonable to expect officers to spend Tk 500-1,000 from their limited salaries for fuel. It is necessary to ensure sufficient fuel allocation to support uninterrupted patrol services.

In rural police stations, there are typically only 2-3 government vehicles available for night patrols. These vehicles are overused, causing them to age rapidly and become unserviceable. For instance, a vehicle assigned to night patrol remains in continuous operation — after one team completes its shift, another team immediately takes over and uses the same vehicle for their duties. Due to the lack of additional vehicles, the limited fleet is subjected to excessive wear and tear, accelerating deterioration and reducing its operational lifespan.

However, to address the risks and demands of maintaining public safety, 5-7 patrol teams are often deployed. In such situations, local CNG vehicles are forcibly requisitioned, a practice that persists year-round. Unfortunately, there is no government provision for fuel, food, or fare for these drivers, leading to growing resentment towards the police. To prevent public dissatisfaction and ensure equitable treatment, it is necessary to allocate resources to cover these expenses.

Police stations frequently encounter unclaimed bodies within their jurisdictions. Many of these bodies are decomposed, requiring careful handling and inspection. The assistance of mortuary assistants (doms) is essential in such cases, but they must be paid, often along with food or other incentives. Additional costs include transporting the body to and from the hospital, conducting post-mortems, fingerprint collection, DNA profiling, publishing notices in newspapers, and burial. Officers bear these costs personally, as the investigation allowance is woefully inadequate compared to the expenses incurred. The government must ensure proper financial support to handle such cases.

Investigating cases demands significant financial resources. A standard case costs around Tk 5,000-7,000 to investigate, while complex cases such as robbery or rape can cost between Tk 20,000 and Tk 30,000. However, the investigation allowance provided by the government is limited to Tk 2,000-5,000. To ensure effective and thorough investigations, government funding should align with the actual costs involved.

Maintaining informants is critical for gathering intelligence and ensuring proactive policing. Each month, SIs/ASIs spend Tk 5,000-10,000 from their own salaries to support their sources. Unfortunately, there is no government provision for this essential expenditure. The authorities may introduce a source allowance to ease this burden on officers.

The process of arresting an accused, keeping them in custody, and presenting them in court involves expenses ranging from Tk 1,500 to 2,000 per case. Currently, there is no government allocation for these necessary expenses.

Basic office supplies such as chairs, tables, computers, printers, files, notebooks, pens, and other stationery are essential for daily operations. However, these items are not sufficiently provided, forcing them to purchase using personal funds. The government should provide sufficient resources to equip police stations with these essential supplies.

Community policing initiatives, public meetings, seminars, banners, festoons, and announcements via microphones are vital for fostering trust and cooperation between the police and the community. However, these activities are currently funded personally by officers. It is expected that the government shall allocate funds for these programmes to ensure their sustainability.

Effective communication is a cornerstone of efficient policing. Officers frequently use their personal mobile phones for official purposes, incurring significant expenses. The government should allocate a budget to cover communication costs to enable seamless operations.

The modernisation of police stations in Bangladesh is not merely an infrastructural upgrade but a fundamental shift towards a more effective, technology-driven, and community-focused policing model. Ensuring the successful implementation of these changes requires sustained investment, strategic planning, and collaboration between law enforcement agencies, policymakers, and the public. By prioritising these improvements, Bangladesh police can enhance its ability to maintain law and order, protect citizens, and respond to emerging security challenges in the 21st century.

Source: https://www.newagebd.net/post/opinion/262987/the-police-station-a-service-centre