Show Posts

This section allows you to view all posts made by this member. Note that you can only see posts made in areas you currently have access to.


Messages - librarian

Pages: [1] 2 3 ... 6
1
মনকে সতেজ ও প্রসারিত করে জীবনকে সুন্দর করতে জ্ঞানের প্রয়োজন। বই পড়া নিজেকে জানার অন্যতম উপায়। শিক্ষার্থীদের পড়ার স্বাধীনতা এবং চিন্তার স্বাধীনতার জন্য স্বাধীনভাবে বই পড়া অপরিহার্য। যা পরবর্তীতে দেশ ও জাতি গঠনে বাস্তব ভূমিকা পালন করে। আর স্বাধীনভাবে বই পড়ার জন্য আমাদের মনোরম পরিবেশএকটা লাইব্রেরি সত্যিই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ।

গ্রন্থাগার একটি শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানের প্রাণ এবং জ্ঞানের বাহক। পাঠাগার যত উন্নত, দেশ তত উন্নত।এটি উপলব্ধি করে ড্যাফোডিল ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইউনিভার্সিটি, ড্যাফোডিল স্মার্ট সিটি, আশুলিয়া, রাজধানী ঢাকার অদূরে ৭০ হাজার বর্গফুট আয়তনের ড্যাফোডিল ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইউনিভার্সিটি লাইব্রেরি প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছে। যেখানে একাডেমিক বই সহ পৃথিবীর যাবতীয় জ্ঞান যেমন ইতিহাস, ধর্ম, রাজনীতি, অর্থনীতি, কৃষ্টি, সংস্কৃতি ইত্যাদি নতুন-পুরনো সব লোভনীয় বইয়ের উপরে স্তরে স্তরে সাজানো থাকে। এই লাইব্রেরিতে বইয়ের সংগ্রহ খুবই ভালো, মোট প্রায় এক লাখ (100,000) বইয়ের বিশাল সংগ্রহ রয়েছে। ডিআইইউ কমিউনিটির প্রত্যেকেই এই লাইব্রেরির সদস্য হতে পারেন। বসে বসে বই পড়ার ব্যবস্থাও বেশ সুন্দর, 650 জন ব্যবহারকারী একবারে এই লাইব্রেরিটি ব্যবহার করতে পারেন, সদস্য হিসেবে বই বাসায় নিয়ে যাওয়ার সুযোগ রয়েছে।

লাইব্রেরীতে পেশাগত লাইব্রেরি কর্মীরা এবং দক্ষ লাইব্রেরি পরিষেবা প্রদানের জন্য সার্কুলেশন, ক্যাটালগিং এবং প্রসেসিং, মেইন স্ট্যাক, রেফারেন্স এবং রিজার্ভ, নিউজপেপার এবং পিরিওডিকাল, আর্কাইভস এবং অডিও ভিজ্যুয়াল ম্যাটেরিয়ালের মতো বেশ কয়েকটি বিভাগ রয়েছে। এছাড়াও, আমরা ব্যবহারকারীদের মধ্যে আধুনিক পরিসেবার জন্য লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফে এবং সিনেপ্লেক্স বাস্তবায়ন করতে যাচ্ছি।

বঙ্গবন্ধু কর্নার

বঙ্গবন্ধু- একটি নাম, একটি যুগান্তকারী, ইতিহাস, এবং জাতির পিতা। বঙ্গবন্ধুর ডাকে স্বাধীনতা চেয়েছিল জনগণ বাংলাদেশের মুক্তিযুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ করে বিজয় অর্জন করুক। এই কর্নারটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সম্প্রদায়ের মধ্যে মুক্তিযুদ্ধের ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জ্ঞান বৃদ্ধি করে। এই কর্নারের মাধ্যমে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষক-কর্মচারী, শিক্ষার্থী ও গবেষকরা বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান এবং বাংলাদেশের জন্ম, মুক্তিযুদ্ধের গৌরবময় ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে সমন্বিত ধারণা লাভ করতে পারবেন। বর্তমান প্রজন্মকে বঙ্গবন্ধুর জীবন, কর্ম, দর্শন ও মুক্তিযুদ্ধের ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে তথ্য দিয়ে সমৃদ্ধ করাই এই কর্নারের মূল উদ্দেশ্য। অন্যান্য প্রতিষ্ঠানের জন্য একটি মডেল হিসাবে, এই কর্নারটি তার সম্পদের মাধ্যমে ইতিহাস এবং বর্তমান প্রজন্মের মধ্যে ব্যবধান পূরণে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করবে। এছাড়াও বঙ্গবন্ধুর গৌরবময় অবদান শুধু একটি জাতিকে স্বাধীন করতেই নয়, তার স্বপ্নের সোনার বাংলা গড়ার কাজেও নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছিল। যা নতুন প্রজন্মের সাথে বাংলাদেশের প্রকৃত ইতিহাসের দূরত্ব ঘোচাতে ভূমিকা রাখবে।

ঐতিহ্যবাহী লাইব্রেরি পরিসেবাগুলি ছাড়াও, ই-লাইব্রেরি পরিসেবাগুলি বর্তমানে সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয়৷ একটি ই-রিসোর্স ব্রাউজিং সেন্টারও রয়েছে। এই ই-লাইব্রেরিতে রয়েছে ই-বুক, ই-জার্নাল, ই-ম্যাগাজিন, A-Z ডেটাবেস সহ UGC, UDL এবং বিভিন্ন জাতীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক কনসোর্টিয়ামের সদস্যতা নেওয়া ই-রিসোর্স। এই করোনা পরিস্থিতিতেও লাইব্রেরি পরিসেবাগুলি সমসাময়িক লাইব্রেরি সফ্টওয়্যার ব্যবহার বন্ধ করে না। ওপেনএথেন্স-এর মাধ্যমে, এই লাইব্রেরির ব্যবহারকারীরা বিশ্বের যেকোনো স্থান থেকে ই-রিসোর্স অ্যাক্সেস করতে পারে। VuFind এর মাধ্যমে একটি অনুসন্ধান ব্যবস্থা রয়েছে যার কারণে আলাদা ডেটাবেসে অনুসন্ধান করার প্রয়োজন নেই। এছাড়া KOHA, DSpace তো আছেই। শিক্ষার্থী ও গবেষকদের গবেষণা প্রতিবেদনের সত্যতা যাচাই করতে   আইএসও সার্টিফাইড Turnitin সফটওয়্যার ব্যবহার করা হয়। যাতে আমাদের শিক্ষার্থীদের কাছ থেকে মানসম্পন্ন শিক্ষাভিত্তিক গবেষণাপত্র বের করা যায়।

লাইব্রেরির বিভিন্ন অংশে যেমন প্রাইভেট বই পড়ার সুযোগ রয়েছে, তেমনি আরেকটি কোণায় একটি 'ক্যাফে লাইব্রেরি' রয়েছে, যেখানে শিক্ষার্থীরা কফির মগে চুমুক দিয়ে বা হালকা কিছু খেতে খেতে বই পড়তে পারে। লাইব্রেরি জুড়ে পাঠকদের জন্য বিনামূল্যে ওয়াইফাই ব্রাউজিং আছে। যা ড্যাফোডিল কমিউনিটির  বইপ্রেমীদের কাছে স্বপ্নের জগতে পরিণত হয়েছে।

তরুণ প্রজন্ম ও যুব সমাজকে মাদকসহ নানা অপরাধ থেকে মুক্ত রাখতে বই পড়া ও খেলাধুলার বিকল্প নেই। তাই পাঠকদের কাছে লাইব্রেরিটি সহজলভ্য করতে, পাঠকদের পড়ার অভিজ্ঞতা, অনুভূতি, উপলব্ধি এবং মতামত বিনিময়ের জন্য বিভিন্ন দল নিয়মিত ‘পাঠ-আড্ডা’র আয়োজন করে। মানুষের মানসিক উৎকর্ষ, কাজের স্বচ্ছতা, সামাজিক দায়বদ্ধতা, উন্নত জীবনযাপন—সর্বোপরি আমি চাই লাইব্রেরি নিজেকে জানুক।

ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরিতে লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফে


একটি ক্রমবর্ধমান জীব হিসাবে, চাহিদা ব্যবহারকারীদের প্রত্যাশা অনুযায়ী লাইব্রেরি পরিসেবাগুলির সহযোগিতা দিন দিন বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে। ক্যাফে লাইব্রেরি বা লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফে হল সেই গৌরবময় এক্সটেনশনগুলির মধ্যে একটি যা গত কয়েক দশক ধরে লাইব্রেরি ভবনে বলা হয়। ডিজিটাল বিপ্লব সত্ত্বেও, পাঠকেরা লাইব্রেরিতে ফিরে আসছে এমন সংস্থানগুলি অ্যাক্সেস করতে যা অনলাইনে উপলব্ধ নয় বা কেবল এই শান্ত স্পটগুলির পরিবেশ উপভোগ করার জন্য।
কখনও কখনও ব্যবহারকারীদের লাইব্রেরিতে শ্রমসাধ্য গবেষণায় জড়িত থাকতে হয়। ব্যবহারকারীরা যখন গবেষণার কাজে বিরক্ত বোধ করেন এবং তাজা মনের জন্য কিছুটা শিথিলতার প্রয়োজন হয়, তখন তারা স্ট্যাক এলাকার পাশে তৈরি করা ক্যাফে লাইব্রেরি ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। এক কাপ কফি উপভোগ করার সময় পড়ার জন্য এটি আরও আকর্ষণীয় এবং মনোরম পরিবেশ হবে।
এই বিষয়ে, একটি লাইব্রেরির একটি ক্যাফে বা লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফে তাদের শিক্ষাগত কাজে ব্যবহারকারীদের স্ট্যামিনা পুনরায় চালু করতে পারে। এটি নিরবচ্ছিন্ন পরিসেবা বিধানের জন্য গ্রন্থাগারের কর্মীদের সময় বাঁচাতে পারে। তাই একটি লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফে বিশ্বকে আরও ইন্টারেক্টিভভাবে অধ্যয়ন এবং অন্বেষণ করার জন্য একটি শান্তিপূর্ণ পরিবেশ তৈরি করে। এইভাবে একটি লাইব্রেরি হতে পারে সৃজনশীলতা, কমিউনিটি, উদ্ভাবন এবং উদ্যোক্তার একটি পূর্ণ শক্তি কেন্দ্র।
এই বিষয়টি মাথায় রেখে বাংলাদেশে প্রথমবারের মতো ড্যাফোডিল ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইউনিভার্সিটি তাদের লাইব্রেরি ভবনে একটি ক্যাফে প্রদান করছে। এই লাইব্রেরি ক্যাফেতে খাবার ও পানীয় সুবিধা, মেঝেতে বসার সুবিধা রয়েছে। স্বল্প সময়ের বিশ্রাম এবং ঘুমের সুবিধা এবং আরও অধ্যয়নের জন্য আপনার চিন্তাভাবনা পুনরায় শুরু করার জন্য আমরা আরও সুন্দর পরিবেশে যাচ্ছি এবং যাতে ব্যবহারকারীরা বেশ অধ্যয়নের জন্য তাদের মানসিক প্রস্তুতি তৈরি করতে পারে.

ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরিতে সিনেপ্লেক্স

একাডেমিক লাইব্রেরির লক্ষ্য ব্যবহারকারীদের সঠিক তথ্যে একাডেমিক সহায়তা এবং গবেষণার রেফারেন্স প্রদান করা। বর্তমানে শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা ব্যবহারকারীদের প্রত্যাশার সীমানা অতিক্রম করছে। ব্যবহারকারীরা শিক্ষার একটি নতুন ক্ষেত্র শেখার আশা করেন যা আনন্দদায়ক হবে এবং যেখানে শব্দ, ফটোগ্রাফ এবং শিক্ষার কৌশলগুলি একসাথে আসতে পারে এবং সেই সময়ের শেখার মেজাজের সময় অনুসরণ করতে পারে। ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরি এই পরিষেবা ও সুযোগ-সুবিধাগুলিকে উন্মোচন করতে এবং কীভাবে লাইব্রেরিতে আসার জন্য ব্যবহারকারীদের আকর্ষণ বাড়ানো যায় সে বিষয়ে শিক্ষার একটি নতুন ক্ষেত্র নিয়ে ভাবছে। এই সংযোগে, ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরি ব্যবহারকারীদের জন্য এবং ব্যবহারকারীদের অন্যান্য চাহিদা পূরণের জন্য একটি আকর্ষণীয় সিনেপ্লেক্স যুক্ত করতে চলেছে। এতে শিক্ষা-ভিত্তিক তথ্যচিত্র, চলচ্চিত্র এবং থিয়েটারের পাশাপাশি বিশেষ বিষয়ে বিশিষ্ট বিশেষজ্ঞদের মতামত অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকবে। বিভাগীয় প্রধানের সহযোগিতায় ব্যবহারকারীদের সিনেপ্লেক্স তাদের প্রয়োজন হিসাবে ব্যবহার করবে।

ভয়েস লাইব্রেরি

শিক্ষার্থীরা বিভিন্ন স্থান থেকে আসে এবং তারা বাস, ট্রেন বা পরিবহনে যাত্রা করে। তারা ক্লাসে যোগ দিতে এবং বাড়ি ফিরতে ⅔ ঘন্টা অপচয় করে। এই সময়ে, তারা বিভিন্ন বিষয় পড়েছেন যা কোর্সের বাইরে এবং ফেসবুকের মতো সোশ্যাল মিডিয়াতে সর্বাধিক সময় ব্যয় করে। ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরিগুলি তাদের মূল্যবান সময় কাটিয়ে ওঠার চেষ্টা করছে এবং কীভাবে এই ভ্রমণ সঠিকভাবে ব্যবহার করা যায় বা উপভোগ করা যায়। ডিআইইউ লাইব্রেরি শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য একটি ভয়েস লাইব্রেরি তৈরি করেছে যাতে তারা সহজেই ভয়েস লাইব্রেরি সফ্টওয়্যার অ্যাক্সেস করতে পারে এবং ক্লাসে শিক্ষকদের দ্বারা শেখানো বিষয়ভিত্তিক পাঠ্য অডিও শিখতে এবং শুনতে পারে। প্রায় 150টি পাঠ্যপুস্তক অডিও হিসাবে সম্পন্ন হয়েছে এবং শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের স্মার্টফোন থেকে শব্দ ব্যবহার করতে এবং বিশেষ করে উচ্চারণ করতে পারে। শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের মতামত দিয়েছে যা বিভিন্ন সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যম ব্যবহার না করে একটি নতুন আঙ্গিনা যা শিখতে খুবই আকর্ষণীয়। এখন ভয়েস লাইব্রেরি কোনো ঝামেলা ছাড়াই একটি অনলাইন শিক্ষাকেন্দ্র। আশা করছি, প্রত্যন্ত অঞ্চল থেকে ডিআইইউ শিক্ষার্থীরা এ ধরনের সেবা পেয়ে উপকৃত হবে।

2
Library of DIU / DIU Library at Daffodil Smart City: An Overview
« on: July 17, 2021, 10:41:46 AM »
Knowledge is needed to make life beautiful by refreshing and expanding the mind. Reading books is one of the ways to know yourself. Reading books independently is essential for students' freedom of reading and freedom of thought. Which later played a practical role in the formation of the country and the nation. And you need a library to read books independently.

The library is the lifeblood of an educational institution and the bearer of knowledge. The more developed the library, the more developed the country.

Realizing this, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, near the capital Dhaka, has established a Daffodil International University Library with an area of ​​one lakh ten thousand (110,000) square feet. Where all the knowledge of the world, including academic books, such as history, religion, politics, economics, culture, culture, etc., are arranged in layers on top of all the new and old alluring books. The collection of books in this library is very good, in total there is a huge collection of about one lakh (100,000) books. Everyone in the DIU community can be a member of this library. The system of reading books while sitting is also quite nice, 650 users can use this library at a time, there is an opportunity to take books home as a member.
The library has several sections such as Circulation, Cataloging, and Processing, Main Stack, Reference and Reserve, Newspaper and Periodical, Archives and Audio Visual Materials to provide smooth and efficient library services.

In addition, Bangabandhu's glorious contribution was not only in liberating a nation but also in leading the task of building the golden Bengal of his dreams. Which will play a role in bridging the gap between the new generation and the true history of Bangladesh.

In addition to traditional library services, e-library services are currently the most popular. There is also an e-resource browsing center. This e-library includes e-books, e-journals, e-magazines, A-Z Database including UGC, UDL, and e-resources subscribed to various national and international consortiums. Even in this corona situation, library services do not stop using contemporary library software. Through OpenAthens, users of this library can access e-resources from anywhere in the world. There is a search system through VuFind due to which there is no need to search in separate databases. Besides, there is KOHA, DSpace. Turnitin software is used to verify the authenticity of the research reports of students and researchers.

Just as there are opportunities to read books in private in different parts of the library, there is also a 'Cafe Library' in another corner, where students can read a book while sipping a mug of coffee or eating something light. There is free WiFi browsing for readers throughout the library. Which has become a dream world for book lovers in the Daffodil community.

There is no alternative to reading books and sports to keep the young generation and youth free from various crimes including drugs. Therefore, in order to make the library accessible to the readers, different groups regularly organize ‘lesson-chats’ for the purpose of exchanging reading experiences, feelings, perceptions, and opinions of the readers.
People's mental excellence, transparency in work, social responsibility, improved living — above all, I want the library to know myself.

3
The academic library aims to provide academic support and research reference at the right information to the users. At present education systems cross the boundary of users’ expectations. Users expect to learn a new arena of education that will be enjoyable and where sound, photographs, and teaching techniques can all come together and follow during the learning mood of the time.  DIU library is thinking of a new arena of education to expose these services and facilities and enhance the users' attraction to come to the library.

In this connection, the DIU library will add an attractive CinePlex for the users and fulfill users’ other needs. It will include education-based documentaries, movies, theater, and renowned experts’ opinions on particular topics. Users will be utilized by the CinePlex as their need with the cooperation of the Head of the department.

4
Library of DIU / হজ বাতিলের ইতিহাস
« on: April 05, 2020, 03:43:36 PM »
এবারও যদি হজ্ব বন্ধ হয়, সেটা হবে খুবই দুঃখজনক একটা ঘটনা। কিন্তু একইসাথে এটাও লক্ষ্যণীয়, অতীতেও হজ্ব বাতিল হয়েছিল।  বিভিন্ন সংবাদ মাধ্যমে প্রকাশিত সংবাদে; ১৭৯৮ সালের কথা উল্লেখ করা হলেও বাস্তবে ১৭৯৮ সালে হজ বন্ধ ছিল এমন কোন তথ্য পাওয়া যায়নি.

হজ বাতিলের ইতিহাস[1]

প্রথমবার বাতিল হয়েছিল ৮৬৫ খ্রিস্টাব্দে, আব্বাসীয়দের সময়, ইসমাঈল বিন ইউসুফের মক্কা আক্রমণের কারণে।

এরপর বন্ধ হয়েছিল ৯৩০ সালে। কট্টর শিয়া গ্রুপ কারমাতিদের আক্রমণে সে বছর ৩০,০০০ হাজি শহিদ হয়েছিল। তারা হাজিদেরকে হত্যা করে তাদের লাশ জমজম কুপে ফেলে দিয়েছিল। ফিরে যাওয়ার সময় তারা সাথে করে হাজরে আসওয়াদ বাহরাইনে নিয়ে গিয়েছিল। পরবর্তীতে হাজরে আসওয়াদ পুনরুদ্ধার হওয়ার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত এক দশক হজ্ব বন্ধ ছিল।

৯৮৩ থেকে ৯৯০ সাল পর্যন্ত হজ্ব বাতিল হয়েছিল রাজনীতির কারণে। ইরাক ও সিরিয়া ভিত্তিক আব্বাসীয় খিলাফত এবং মিসর ভিত্তিক ফাতেমীয় খিলাফতের মধ্যকার দ্বন্দ্বের কারণে সেবার ৮ বছর পর্যন্ত হজ্ব বন্ধ ছিল।

শুধু যুদ্ধ-বিগ্রহ না, মহামারীর কারণেও হজ্ব বাতিল হয়েছিল। প্রথমে ১৮১৪ সালে হেজাজ প্রদেশে প্লেগের কারণে ৮,০০০ মানুষ মারা যাওয়ায় হজ্ব বাতিল করা হয়।

এরপর ১৮৩১ সালে ভারত থেকে যাওয়া হজ্বযাত্রীদের মাধ্যমে মক্কায় প্লেগ ছড়িয়ে পড়ে এবং চারভাগের তিনভাগ হাজী মৃত্যুবরণ করে। ফলে সে বছর হজ্ব বাতিল করা হয়। এছাড়াও ১৮৩৭ থেকে ১৮৫৮ সালের মধ্যে প্লেগ এবং কলেরার কারণে তিন বারে মোট ৭ বছর হজ্ব বন্ধ ছিল।

ইসলাম অবাস্তব কোনো ধর্ম না, এলিয়েনদের জন্য আসা ধর্ম না। এটা মানুষের জন্য আসা ধর্ম। এবং মানুষের সাধ্যের বাইরে এখানে কিছু করতে বলা হয়নি।

তথ্যসূত্র: হারাম শরিফের ওয়েবসাইট, মিডল ইস্ট আই, টিআরটি, দ্য নিউ আরব।


5
Library of DIU / Visited National Archive by ISLM Students.
« on: March 11, 2020, 05:39:41 PM »
Students of ISLM program visited National Archives and Library as part of course. Students has learnt more in practically and they have seen archival activities and leaded by Mr. Md. Dulal Uddin. The management of national archives cooperated to students and also offered snacks as part of their official courtesy.   

6
Library of DIU / National Library Observed
« on: March 11, 2020, 05:29:37 PM »
Daffodil International University (DIU) Library observed the National Library Day on Feb 05, 2020. DIU Library Team participated in the really with Public library and other organizations. After a short discussion, the DIU library captures a photograph with the presence of Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Registrar of DIU. This day has been recognized by the Prime Minister of the Government of Bangladesh. Library professions celebrated this day with sincerely and respectably. Library professionals are not going to behind rather they are going to highlighted their job places to provide better services and develop this field with their level best.

7
Fee Structure of PGD in ISLM Program

Items of the Fees                               Amount

Admission Fee                                                       Tk. 10,000
Library Fee                                                       Tk.   2,000
Computer Lab Fee                                                                      Tk.  1,500
Semester Fee (3 Semester @Tk. 2000)                                    Tk.  6,000
Extra Curriculum Activities Fee (Semester@ Tk. 500)                     Tk.   1,500
Tuition Fees for Theory Credits (36 Credits Hours @ Tk. 4,500)               Tk. 54,000
Total payable for 36 Credits                                                 Tk.75, 000

While taking admission, a student has to pay a total of Tk. 14,500.00

Items of the fees                     Taka
Admission Fee                                 10,000
Library Fee                                   2,000
Extra Curriculum Fee                               500
Semester Fee                                    2,000
During Admission                          14,500

1st Installment (Before Mid-Term Exam) 9,000
2nd  Installment (Before Final Exam}      9,000
Total Fees of 1st Semester                     32,500

Fees of Subsequent Semesters
2nd Semester
Items of the fees                              Taka
Semester Fee                                      2,000
Extra Curriculum Fee                                  500
Tuition Fee (3 Credits)                      4,500
During 2nd Semester Registration      7,000
1st  Installment (Before Mid-Term Exam)   6,750
2nd Installment (Before Final Exam}          6,750
Total Fees of 2nd Semester   20,500

   3rd Semester
Items of the fees                                 Taka
Semester Fee                                        2,000
Extra Curriculum Fee                                    500
Computer Lab Fee                                1,500
Tuition Fee (3 Credits)                        4,500
During 3rd Semester Registration         8,500
1st Installment (Before Mid-Term Exam)   6,750
2nd Installment (Before Final Exam}   6,750

Total Fees of 3rd (Final) Semester   22,000


8
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103: Lecture#07
« on: October 17, 2018, 05:29:11 PM »
Lecture#07
PGD in ISLM
Date: Oct 13, 2018

Using of Marketing Tools for exploring library services and facilities

PRM Exposing Services in Libraries According Bhatt, R.K. (2011, p.56) Publicity refers to the generation of news about a person, product or service that appears in broadcast or print media. Public relation and marketing are synonymous. In fact, publicity /marketing are really a subset of the PRs efforts.

 There are divided into three groups: (a) Printing methods (b) Electronic methods and (c) Traditional methods.

Printing methods:

i.   Brochure: Brochures should be aesthetic and attractive to users as well as language should also be simple and easy so that users can understand easily and feel interest to read it attentively.

ii.   Leaflets: Leaflets will act as guides to the library and its special collections. It can be kept in the library at a location which is placed so that user who enters the library is paying attention to that corner.

iii.    Newsletters: The library can convey information about new acquisitions, new services, events and activities, fee changes etc. In fact, there are excellent marketing tools due to include all the activities of a library.

iv.   Posters: It offers good visual communication. It can be displayed at prominent locations and provide brief information about an event, service, etc. Old and defaced posters need to be replaced on a regular basis.

v.    Advertising: Advertisement can play a very important role to expose the library services. Libraries can advertise its products and services in newspapers, scholarly journals, magazines, newsletters, radio, television, web etc. It helps in building image of the library.

Traditional methods:

i.   Extensive activities: These activities like book display, lectures, quiz debates, seminars, competitions, exhibitions, etc. can play positive impact on the image of the library. Users can motivate to come to the library and promote the use of its products and services.

ii.   Environment: Good environment is the most important factors to use the library by the users. It reflects the appearance of employees, the physical setting, lighting, work environment, noise level etc. It must be healthy and suitable to make a positive impact on users.

iii.   Library tour: While on a library tour, users can be promoted to ask questions and find out more about new activities, products, and services. Library tour for new and existing members can be used to promote the library services.

iv.   Library Monthly/Day: Libraries can create awareness of its importance in society through organizing national library day/month can be effective way to promote the library.

v.   Seminars/conference: Seminars/conference is an effective method to create awareness about library services and facilities among the users. Library can arrange such seminars / conference frequently for the users.

Electronic methods:

i.   Websites: The websites contain details about the library. It can be continuously updated to avoid an adverse effect on the image of the library. Websites can play a significant role to increase the impact on the users.

ii.   Bulletin board: It is a medium for messages of interest to a community of online users. This service can be used by libraries for disseminating information to online users

iii.    E-mail: It is the most universal application on the Internet and it can be used for direct communication with potential users. There are many benefits to using email as a promotional tool that create personalized services, membership renewal, easily communicate with library personnel anytime and anywhere.

iv.   Blogs: Libraries can use blogs to promote its products and services by making it appealing and informative. To get feedback, comments and suggestions can be invited from visitors.

v.   Social networks: Now a day, social networks are mostly used for sharing knowledge, attractive image, interesting events, update news and also rare news which can be motivated to use the library resources. Facebook is one of them which act as digital knowledge platform for the users to share relevant knowledge each other.

vi.   E-library activities: In the digital era, digital library/e-library can play a vital role to promote library resources, facilities and services among the users.

9
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103:Lecture#06
« on: October 17, 2018, 05:21:55 PM »
Daffodil International University
PGD in ISLM
Course Code: 103, Course Title: Information Sources and Services
Lecture# 06, Date: Sept 12, 2018

Roles of the Reference Librarians

 This can be dependent upon the setting: in an academic environment it could be promoting the library's services, interacting with faculty, teaching information literacy courses, collection development, keeping up with new technology, creating information services and conducting the reference interview.

As Reference Librarian
•   provides reference services,
•   guides users in using computer resources
•   analyze patrons’ needs and evaluate materials to develop collection,
•   provide readers advisory service through bibliography materials,
•   Educate patrons on library utilization, inventory reference collection and updated.

QUALITIES OF A REFERENCE LIBRARIANS
There are five main qualities which are essential to being a good reference librarian. 

1.   The most important quality, which is also the most accurate and depend on users’ need. Reference librarians must have experience and skills to provide good customer service.

2. Reference librarians must be knowledgeable in their field; they must have a good understanding of how to find information, how to evaluate the quality of information sources, and how information is organized.

3. Reference librarians must be good teachers, “demonstrating how, when, and why to use various reference sources in an integrated way that will capture the user’s attention at the teachable moment.

4. Technology has changed the patron’s expectations for service and resource formats.  Librarians must be familiar with new developments.  Librarians utilized new developments such as the telephone and the early forms of electronic databases, and must continue to explore developing tools such as chat and mobile technology.

5. The ability to work within a team is also an essential quality for reference librarians.  Libraries can increase available resources, provide longer service hours, and access a broader field of expertise.

Responsibilities of Reference Librarians

Reference librarians help library patrons locate the information that they need. It depends upon the size and types of libraries. 
Reference librarians are usually expected to maintain a collection of relevant and accurate reference sources, assist patrons with information searches and, in some contexts, train patrons in reference and citation techniques.

•   Reference librarians are a library's eyes and ears.
•   They understand user needs and perceptions.
•   They know what's working and what's not.
•   They act as subject selectors; they are the library's primary liaison with faculty in their subject areas and its most visible representatives.
•   They know how to help, inform, convince, and teach users.
•   It is essential that they be involved in its planning, implementation, and operation.
•   Assistance identifying library materials needed to answer a question.

### Reference Sources act as quick guide-Explain

Reference sources such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, atlases, etc. are research tools that can help you with your paper or project. Reference sources provide answers to specific questions, such as brief facts, statistics, and technical instructions; provide background information; or direct you to additional information sources.
Quick guide for selecting the right type of reference source (Collins, 151):

Mention the quick guide to find out right information from right type reference sources

For information about...                                                                                       Choose as reference tools / sources
Words                                                                                                                     Dictionaries
General information/Overview of topic                                                                             Encyclopedias
Names & addresses of people, organizations, institutions, companies                             Directories
Profiles of people                                                                                                     Biographical Dictionaries
Places/Maps                                                                                                             Gazetteers or Atlases
Facts and Statistics                                                                                                     Almanacs
Formula, Tables, How-To-Do-It                                                                                     Handbooks and Manuals
A person's work                                                                                                             Reviews or Criticisms
Dates, outlines, historical timelines ,Historical tables                                                       Chronologies, Historical yearbooks
Periodical Articles                                                                                                     Indexes or Abstracts
Books and other sources                                                                                             Bibliographies or Guides to Literature...



10
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103: Lecture#05
« on: October 17, 2018, 05:15:41 PM »
Post Graduate Diploma in Information Science and Library Management
ISLM-103 (Information Sources and Services)
Lecture #05
Date: Oct 06, 2018

What is a reference services?
Ranganathan defines Reference Service as: “Personal Service to each reader in helping him to find the documents answering his interest at the moment pin pointedly, carefully and properly‟ (Ranganathan, 1961).

Reference services are the services provided by the reference department in a library that helps the library patron to get access to the information that they needed.

Reference Sources
Dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, handbooks, manuals, yearbooks are few to name as examples for reference sources. Thus reference sources are key players of library reference services.

 Reference librarians will help the student to locate the information that they need faster and in the right way. Some of the task and services provided by the librarian in the reference department are:

1)     Teach patrons on how to use the library catalogue
 2)     Help patrons how find out books on shelves
3)     Recommend books to the patrons
4)     Teach user how to use online database
5)   Advice on how to search information in database

Types of Reference Service

•   Assistance in finding the answer to specific reference questions.
•   Assistance in developing research strategies for reports, term papers, theses, and dissertations.
•   Instruction in the use of the Library and its resources.
•   Verification of Library holdings and referral to institutions which have materials this Library lacks.
•   Orientation to the Library through tours, tutorial sessions, subject specific workshops, etc.
•   Compilation and production of various instructional aides.
•   Online search service.
•   In-depth reference appointments for faculty and grad students engaged in research based endeavors.
Document Delivery Service

 Document Delivery Service (DDS) is concerned with supply of documents to the users on demand either in original or its photocopies, irrespective of the location and form of the original documents.

Modes of Document Delivery Service Libraries Endeavour to meet the demand for documents through different methods.

Reprographic Service

Reprography is a term used to refer to photocopying as well as duplicating documents whereby one or more copies of the same size or in reduced or enlarged form are produced.

Importance of Reprographic Service

1. It helps in the dissemination of information.
2. It facilitates the work of Inter-library-loan.
3. The documents reproduced in microforms helps in solving the space problem.
4. It acts as a duplicate of the original copy.
5. It helps in saving the original document.
 6. It saves the time of the users.

Difference between Information and Reference Services

Information Services                                                                                      Reference Services
It refers to non-traditional approach.                                           It refers to traditional approach
The emphasis / importance is to provide information                    The emphasis is to provide document services
To provide exact information to meet the users need.                   To provide ready and listed information
Information providers does not wait for the users.                   Information providers wait for the users
No need to maintain any rules to provide information services    Need to maintain any rules to provide reference services
Users can information services directly                                           Users can reference services indirectly or need base. 


11
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103:Lecture#04
« on: October 02, 2018, 04:59:18 PM »
Post Graduate Diploma in Information Science and Library Management
Lecture#04, September 29, 2018

What is social networking?
“Social Networking is primarily Internet based tools for sharing and discussing information among human beings.” – Wikipedia

A social networking is a platform to build social networks or social relation among people who like to share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.

Social Networking Tools
These tools include blogs, wikis, RSS (Really Simple Syndication), podcasting, social bookmarking, wikis, feeds and Google utilities (Churchill 2007).

Purposes of Social Networking Usage in Libraries

1. To reach a new audience of potential users.
2. To provide quick updates to users.
3. To build discussion groups and collaborative work.
4. To push library news and press release.
5. To modernize the library image and e-reputation.
6. Marketing of library product and services.
7. To spread news and service alerts.
8. For fund raising.

Impact of Use of Social Networking on Libraries

•   Social media is integral to market library.
•    Social media capture potential users of the library.
•   Social media helps students to use library.
•   Social media allows user to create, connect, converse, to contribute, vote and share information.
•   It helps libraries to get closer to the users.
•   It helps libraries in building collaborative network with the users.
•   Social media helps students in locating library resources.
•   Social media facilitates knowledge sharing.
•    Social media helps in promoting distance learning.

Problems Use of Social Networking

•   Lack of time to use social media.
•   Lack of privacy and identity theft.
•   Confidentiality of information.
•   Lack of knowledge how to use it.
•   Inadequate funding for libraries.
•    Inadequate library staff.
•   Low interest of librarians in learning and utilizing social media.
•   Inadequate training opportunities for library staff.
•    Electricity failure.
•   Slow speed of Internet.

Some Examples of Social Networking Sits

Wikis (Wikipedia, Wikia) Interact by adding articles and editing existing articles.

Social Networking (Facebook, Hi5, Last.FM) Interact by adding friends, commenting on profiles, joining groups and having discussions.

Social Photo and Video Sharing (YouTube, Flickr) Interact by sharing photos or videos and commenting on user submissions.

Social Bookmaking.(Del.icio.us, Blinklist, Simpy) Interact by tagging websites and searching through websites bookmarked by other people.

Social News (Digg, Propeller, Reddit) Interact by voting for articles and commenting on them.

How Works Social Networking Sits in Library

Facebook:
Most popular now because it is librarian- friendly, with many applications like JSTOR search, World Cat, and much more. Librarians can interact with users to know their information need. Libraries try to link some of these specialized library applications to Facebook.

MySpace:
In Academic institutions where the students are; libraries have taken advantage of this site post, calendar, custom catalog search tools, and blog features to improve their presence.

Blogs:
Here, librarians can periodically post messages; share information on a particular subject or issue, and allow users to contribute to content. They can write articles, news on topical issues and expect an instant reaction from their users.

Wikis:
Is a free online encyclopedia that gives a background knowledge and definition of concepts it offers a platform for users to access, edit and contribute to content. This is a collaborative web page for developing web content.

LinkedIn:
Librarians can get patrons connected with specialists in their particular field of interest via LinkedIn. Librarians can use this platform to render specialized services such as Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI).

Twitter:
A micro blogging application to keep staff and patrons updated on daily activities, like frequently updated collections. Users can utilize this platform to type in short messages or status update. Users can send Instant Messages on complaints or ask questions on a particular issue and get a feedback on the spot using twitter.

Flickr: Librarians can use this tool to share and distribute new images of library collections. Cover page of new arrivals of both books and journals can be disseminated to users via Flickr.



12
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103: Lecture#03
« on: September 27, 2018, 05:55:45 PM »
ISLM-103: Information Sources and Services
Lecture#03
Dated: Sept 28, 2018

Source vs Resource
Though the two words source and resource look a bit similar, they are two different words with different meaning.

Source refers to a place or origin from where something is obtained. It can refer to a place, person or thing. The meaning of this word can slightly differ according to different contexts.

A source can refer to a person who provides information, book or document that acts as the primary reference, and the point of origin of a stream of water.

Resource means something that can be used to function effectively. A resource can refer to money, materials, staff, or other assets.

Oxford Dictionary defines a resource as a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively.

This is the main difference between source and resource.

INFORMATION SOURCES AND INFORMATION RESOURCES

A source is a place or person from which you can obtain something useful or valuable. The sources from where we get information are called information sources and these comprise of documents, humans, institutions as well as mass media like radio and television.  Information sources are significant for information organizations and information users. Information sources also provide an in-depth treatment of a topic or aspect of a topic and can also provide a broad overview or historical view of a topic. Information sources are also different from information resources.

An information resource is not the same as a resource and is defined as a resource which can convey or describe (essential) characteristics of a resource in some way. The data and information assets of an organization are referred to as information resources.  Information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, and information technology are also information resources of an organisation.  Good research involves using a variety of reliable information resources to find out facts and information about a topic. 
 There are experts who refer to some information sources as information resources.  Examples of such information resources are  Encyclopaedias, books, articles and websites.

Encyclopaedias- Encyclopaedias are great for providing a summary or background information, and they are a reliable source/resource of information, written usually by several experts. There are many print and online encyclopaedias.

 Books - Books give us a greater amount and more in-depth information on a topic than an encyclopaedia. They are also a reliable source/resource of information, having been written by credible author(s) who have gone through a publishing process.

 Articles - Newspaper, magazine, or journal articles can provide up-to-date information on very specific topics and they are generally a reliable source of information. 

 Websites - We can find information on almost anything on the Internet, so it can be a great resource, especially when looking for hard to find or very recent information. However, the information found on websites may not be correct or reliable. 

 CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SOURCES

 Information sources have several characteristics, which are:

a)   Availability  b) Cost  c) Currency of information d) Amount of detail, i.e., depth e) Breadth of coverage f) Reliability g) Format h) Medium 
Five Criteria for Evaluating Resources: AAOCC

We will use a list of five critical. You might want to remember AAOCC (Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, Currency, and Coverage), if for no other reason than you might be asked to list these criteria and describe them briefly. The same basic questions should be asked of all information sources: books, journal articles, web pages, blogs, videos, sound recordings and e-books.

Authority
Who is the author or creator (who is responsible for the intellectual content). Is there any indication of the author's education, other publications, professional affiliations or experience?

Accuracy/Quality
For research on any topic dealing with things and events in the real world, accuracy is, obviously, of highest importance. Data and information must be based on observations, measurements, analyses, interpretations and conclusions. High-quality writing, including good format, grammar, spelling and punctuation, can enhance the appearance of accuracy.

Objectivity
Authors often have their own agendas, when using any information resource, you must decide whether the information is sufficiently objective for your purpose or whether it is biased.

Currency
It is important for information found on the web to be up-to-date. However, its appearance on the web is not a guarantee. This may mean checking three dates, the date the page was last updated or posted to the web, the date of publication, and the date of the research or statistics used.

Coverage
Decide whether the information source adequately covers the topic. Consider how coverage from one source compares with coverage by other sources.
Look for a statement describing the purpose or coverage of the source and consider if the information is in-depth enough for your needs.
Does the information source leave questions unanswered (ask the "five W's and H" to check: who, what, when, where, why and how)?

SELECTING  INFORMATION SOURCES

 On basis of information needs of users, as already identified, suitable information sources are to be selected.  The table below lists the most important types of sources of information for finding what users usually need for their information requirements.   
 Kind of Information Selecting the Information Sources

Kind of Information          Selecting the Information Sources

Biographies             Books, periodicals, encyclopedias, websites

Companies                                 People, organizations, Directories

Facts                                     Almanacs, atlases, books, databases, dictionaries, encyclopedias, government documents, handbooks,
                                                 manuals, newspapers, websites, yearbooks

Graphics/Image-based       Almanacs, atlases, books, databases, websites

Original documents          Bibliographies, books, periodical articles, websites

Popular opinion                 Books, periodical articles, newspapers, websites

Product information           Databases, manufacturer and vendor catalogs

Professional commentary       Bibliographies, books, periodical articles, websites, yearbooks

Research    Bibliographies, books, government documents, periodical articles, statistical abstracts

Statistics/Data    Almanacs, atlases, books, databases, statistical abstracts, yearbooks

Strategies for Identifying Information Sources

Many kinds of information are found in more than one type of source. To help determine which type of source is most likely to contain the information a user requires,  the following  question are required to be asked.

a)   How broad or narrow a focus is needed?
Books will also give a broad overview of topic but in considerably greater detail, and may summarize the published information on required topic. Journal articles will give information on very specific aspects of the topic. Often we will need a mixture of encyclopedias, books, and periodical articles to find the desired information.

b)   What level of information is needed?
Articles in these publications can also provide us with needed background information that will help us to understand the technical language used in scholarly journal articles.

c)   How current does the information need to be?
information can be found in year books, almanacs; and for older information we may look for books, encyclopaedias, annual reviews, etc. 
d) Do we need specialized information?

At  times we need specialized information such as statistics, maps or diagrams, or addresses for people or the manufacturer of a product. These special kinds of factual information are most often found in atlases, almanacs, yearbooks, directories, catalogs, or government documents.  Usually the most current editions of these information sources are found in a library's reference department.

d)   Do we need primary, secondary or tertiary information?
 Primary sources include personal experiences, eyewitness accounts, product information, and historical documents.
Secondary materials are raw data and primary source materials that have been analyzed and then organized into logical presentations
by someone-usually a researcher.

Tertiary information is commentary or opinions about a given topic, based on and quoting primary and secondary sources.
Information Access Tools

Libraries provide a number of tools to identify specific sources of information.  The strategies for locating specific information sources vary depending on the access tool needed to find them. The three broad categories of access tools usually used to find the desired information sources are:

 • Library Catalogues
• Printed Indexes and Databases 
• Web Indexes and Search Engines

 Generally we may need to use more than one access tool because well-balanced information activities usually requires information from different kinds of sources.  The table below gives the type(s) of access tools required based on the type of information sources needed.
 
Information Sources                Access Tools

Almanacs                     Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Atlases                Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Bibliographies             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Books or book chapters            Library catalog, databases and print indexes, web indexes, search engines

Dictionaries             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Directories             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Databases             Databases, search engines

Encyclopedias             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Government documents       Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Handbooks             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Periodical articles          Print indexes, databases, search engines

Manuals                     Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Newspaper articles          Print indexes, databases, search engines

Statistical abstracts          Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Manufacturer & vendor catalogs    Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

Web sites                     Web indexes, search engines

Yearbooks             Library catalog, web indexes, search engines

 Evaluating Information Resources

Evaluating information sources is a important part of the research process. Not all information is reliable or true, nor will all information be suitable for your paper or project. Print and Internet sources vary widely in their authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, and coverage. Users must be able to critically evaluate the appropriateness of all types of information sources prior to relying on the information.

Today, however, many online resources are being added to supplement collections, replace printed (paper) items, or improve access. Although online sources are accessible via the Internet, many originated in paper form and follow the same publication criteria.
Therefore, the quality of print and online information sources is similar and will be considered the same in this discussion. A look at a few characteristics of print and Internet sources will identify major quality distinctions between print and Internet information sources.
Print Sources vs. World Wide Web

Print Sources
•   Quality standards of printed materials are controlled through a system of checks and balances imposed by peer review, editors, publishers, and librarians, all of whom manage and control access to printed information. This assures that published materials have been through some form of critical review and evaluation, preventing informal, poorly designed, difficult-to-use and otherwise problematic materials from getting into the hands of users.

•   Printed information follows standard formats for logical and effective organization.

•   Materials in printed form are stable. Once in print, information remains fixed for all time. New editions and revisions often are published, but these are separate and distinct physical entities that can be placed side by side with the originals.

World Wide Web
•   On the web, anyone can, with no supervision or review at all, put up a web page.
•   On the Web, there is no systematic monitoring of much of what appears, except, of course, for article published in the online forms of otherwise reputable scholarly journals and books. Biases, hidden agendas, distorted perspectives, commercial promotions, inaccuracies, and so on are not monitored.

•   There is no standard format for web sites and documents. Web pages exhibit fewer clues regarding their origins and authoritativeness than print sources. Important information, such as dates, author(s), and references are not always easy to locate. While a reader can easily note this information in a book or periodical article, the web user must often search through several pages, if the information is provided at all.

•   Internet sources are also not stable. Web documents can be changed easily. And once changed, the original is gone forever unless a specific effort is made to preserve it. In fact, many Web documents are intentionally designed to change as necessary, and with automatic changes as with manual changes, the original disappears.

•   Web resources use hypertext links and need not be organized in any linear fashion. One can easily be led astray and distracted from the topic at hand. But, of course, one can also be led to additional information of value.

•   The changing nature of the web and web documents create major problems with the stability of information and with links between different units of information. Dead or broken and links on the Web are common and others just disappear or are not updated.

•   For print sources, quality control is sought through critical evaluation during the publication process.

•   It is the user's responsibility to evaluate information sources, in print and on the web, that they find during the research process before using it in a paper or presentation.

13
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103: Lecture#02
« on: September 22, 2018, 03:49:04 PM »
Post Graduate Diploma in Information Science and Library Management
ISLM-103 (Information Sources and Services)
Lecture#02
Date: September 22, 2018 (Saturday)

•   What is source-
•   Source means the origin of something where produced / created information which may be relevant / irrelevant.
•   A specific publication or other type of media where specific information was obtained. These are usually included in footnotes, endnotes, or a bibliography, and can be people.


•   What is Information Source- An Information Source is a source of information for somebody, i.e. anything that might informs a person about something on provide knowledge to somebody.
Information sources may be observations, people speeches, documents, pictures, organizations etc. Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the question you are trying to answer.

 Types of information sources- Different epistemology have different views regarding the importance of different kind of information sources. Empiricism regards sense data as the ultimate information sources, while other epistemology have different views (Kragh 1989)(4).

The various types of information sources can be divided into two broad categories.
A- Documentary Sources
B- Non-Documentary Sources

Types of Information Sources
A-   Documentary Sources:
•   Primary source
•   Secondary source
•   Tertiary source
B- Non-Documentary Sources
i.   Formal source         ii.     Informal source

Documentary sources- These are generally published or recorded documents of knowledge. Documentary sources may be as under-:

DOCUMENTARY INFORMATION SOURCES


PRIMARY    SECONDARY    TERTIARY

􀂾Periodical
􀂾Research Report
􀂾Conference Proceedings
􀂾Patents
􀂾Standards

􀂾Trade Literature
􀂾Thesis
      
􀂾Indexing Services
􀂾Abstracting Services
􀂾Review of Progress
􀂾Reference Works
􀂾Treatises
􀂾    Monographs
􀂾Text Books
Yearbooks and Directories
􀂾Bibliographies
􀂾Location list of periodicals
􀂾List of Indexing and abstracting services
􀂾Guides

􀂾List of Research in progress
􀂾Guide to professional organizations


Primary Sources- Primary sources of information are the first published records of original research and development or description of new application or new interpretation of an old theme or idea. There are original documents representing unfiltered original ideas.

Primary sources are unorganized sources, which are rather difficult to use by them, the secondary sources helps us to use these.
Primary source is a term used in a number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period or idea being studied.

It serves as an original source of information about the topic. Similar definitions are used in library Science, and other areas of scholarship.

In journalism, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation or a document created by such a person. Primary sources are distinguished from secondary sources, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources. Though the distinction is not a sharp one. “Primary and secondary are relative terms, with sources judged primary or secondary according to specific historical contexts and what is being studied.” (Kragh 1989).

For Example-:

Published sources:
•   Books
•   Periodicals
•   Conference Papers
•   Research Monographs
•   Research Reports
•   Patents
•   Standards
•   Thesis
•   Industrial and trade literature
•   Manuscripts

Unpublished Sources:-    

•   Memoranda Laboratory notebooks
•   Diaries
•   Company Files
•   Portraits
•   State Papers
•   Web sites
•   Video Recordings

o   Speeches
o   Works of Arts, architecture,
o   literature and music

Secondary Sources- Secondary sources of information are those which are either compiled from or refer to primary sources of information. The original information having been casually modified selected or reorganized so as to serve a definite purpose for group of users. Such sources contain information arranged and organized on the basis of some definite plan. These contain organized repackaged knowledge rather than new knowledge. The primary sources are the first to appear, these are followed by secondary sources. It is difficult to find information from primary sources directly. Therefore, one should consult the secondary sources in the first instance, which will lead one to specific primary sources.

KINDS OF SECONDARY SOURCES

“Bonn” has divided the secondary sources into three types which are as below
1. Index Type: (a) Index (b) Bibliography (c) Indexing periodicals (d) Abstracting Periodicals
2.   Survey Type: (a) Review (b) Treatise (c)Monograph
3. Reference Type: (a) Encyclopedia  (b) Dictionary (c)Hand book, Manual (d) Critical Tables

Tertiary Sources:- This is the most problematic category of all. However, people rarely expected to differentiate between secondary and tertiary sources. Materials in which the information from secondary sources has been digested- reformatted and condensed, to put it into a convenient, easy to read form.
Tertiary sources of information contain information distilled and collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary function of tertiary sources of information is to aid the searcher of information in the use of primary and secondary sources of information. Most of these sources do not contain subject knowledge. Due to increase in literature, tertiary sources are becoming increasingly important. Out of various kinds of sources, tertiary sources are the last to appear.

1. Bibliography of Bibliographies
2. Directories and yearbooks
3. Guide to literature
4. List of research in progress
Non-documentary sources- Non documentary sources of information form a substantial part of communication especially in science and technology.
Types- There is two kinds of sources:-
(1)Formal Sources: - -Research Organization
-Societies
-Industries
-Govt. dept.
-Universities
-Consultants
Informal Sources
-Conversation with colleges
- Visitors
- Attendance at Professional Meetings.


14
Information Sources and Services / ISLM-103: Lecture#01
« on: September 22, 2018, 03:44:14 PM »
Post Graduate Diploma in Information Science and Library Management
ISLM-103 (Information Sources and Services)
Lecture#01
Date: Jan 12, 2018

1.   Define information
Data that is (1) accurate and timely, (2) specific and organized for a purpose, (3) presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and (4) can lead to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty.

Information is valuable because it can affect behavior, a decision, or an outcome. For example, if a manager is told his/her company's net profit decreased in the past month, he/she may use this information as a reason to cut financial spending for the next month. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged. For a technical definition of information see information theory.

Information is knowledge gained or given; facts; news or the communicating or receiving of knowledge.   
•   Information can mean different things to different people, depending on their particular circumstances, but most accept
•   Information is a means of communicating knowledge, helping us to find out what we need to know. The information source we choose will always depend on the quantity and quality of information required.

2.   Kinds of information
i.   Factual information/ Accurate Information
•   World Almanac
•   Almanac of American Politics
•   Encyclopedia Britannica
•   Grove's Dictionary of Music
•   McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

ii.   Biographical information
•   Biographical and Genealogy Master Index
•   Current Biography
•   Dictionary of American Biography
•   Who's Who in America

iii.   Maps, images, and other graphical information
•   National Geographic Atlas of the World
•   Gray's Anatomy
•   Dictionary of Art
•   The Observer's sky atlas : with 50 stars charts covering the entire sky

iv.   Statistical information
•   Statistical abstract of the United States
•   Agricultural statistics
•   Housing construction statistics, 1889 to 1964
•   United States Census of Population
v.   Products
•   Thomas register of American manufacturers and Thomas register catalog file
•   MacRae's blue book
•   Vendor's Catalogs

vi.   Patents / Copyright / Official documents
•   US Patent and Trademark Office patent database
•   Escape - Europe's Network of Patent Databases
•   Trilateral Web Site (patent database of European, Japanese and US patents)

vii.   Research information
•   Educational Research
•   Journal of Animal Science
•   Environmental Ethics
3.   Formats of Information
Information is published in a range of formats and it is important to select and use those appropriate to your needs. What you use will depend on your circumstances, including the time and technology available.
Below is a brief overview of the three main formats:
1. Print:  Print is simply the paper (hard copy) form of information. Books, serials, official publications and some specialized sources are usually published in print form.
2. Electronic:  Electronic information resources refer to anything that is recorded, stored and retrieved using computer technology. Examples of electronic information sources include CDs, DVDs and all online sources including searchable databases.
 3. Audio-Visual: Audio-visual (AV) resources consist of sound and visual images. These include items such as television programmes, motion pictures, music recordings and slides.
4.  Microfilm 5. Microfiche  6.  Microform

4.   Producers/Originators of Information

There are three main producers/originators of information. These are:

1. Government Agencies
2. Academic institutions
3. The private Sector
4. Individuals
1.   Government Agencies: Government departments and agencies publish lots of information in print and electronic formats. In various countries of the world, governments at all levels play an important role in producing information for the society they serve.

Example:    i. National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA),
ii.  National Bureau of Statistics (NBS),

2.   Academic Institutions:  Academic institutions such as universities and colleges are major producers of information in a society or country.

Example:    i. University of Ibadan, Nigeria
ii. University of Zambia
iii. Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
iv. University of Zimbabwe

3.   Private Sector:  A third major producer of information in a country is the private sector. This consists of print and electronic media organizations, commercial business outfits, publishers/vendors.

Example:

Non-profit professional organizations
 Profitable organizations and commercial agencies
 International Agencies
      Professional Associations or organizations
 Private institutions
Corporate laboratories


4.   Private Individual: Individuals also create information. Many print and web documents available today are created by private individuals,


5.   Why needs information for people / users

   Information needs to reduces cost
   Information save the time
   Information improves decision making
   Information Yields Customer Satisfaction
   Information needs to making master plan
   Information needs for researchers to collect  real facts
   

15
Records and Archives Management / Methods of Filing Systems
« on: August 18, 2018, 03:03:55 PM »
Methods of filing: alphabetical. Numerical, geographical, chronological and subject wise

Based on classification of files
Classification of files refers to the process of selecting heading under which documents are grouped or classified on the basis of common characteristics. The bases of classification are as follows:

  1. Alphabetical classification
The filing method under which files and folders are arranged in order of alphabets of the names of person or institution concerned with such file is alphabetical classification. It is most popular and common method of filing. In case name of more than one person starts with same letter then second letter of name is taken into consideration. It is flexible method. It is used in both small and large organization.
 Advantages
•   Simple and easy to understand
•   Doesn’t need separate index
•   It is flexible
 Disadvantages
•   Time consuming
•   Difficult to arrange files
•   Difficult to locate in case of common names

 2. Numerical classification
The filing method under which files and folders are arranged in order of number is called numerical classification. All files and folders are given separate numbers. It is indirect method of classification of filing. In this filing alphabetical index is required. It includes name, address, phone number, subject and other information along with file number.
 Advantages
•   Suitable for large offices having large number of files and folders
•   Accurate method of filing
•   It is flexible
•   Separate index can be easily developed using numbers.
 Disadvantages
•   It is expensive
•   It is time consuming
•   Not suitable for small organization
•   It is not easy to operate
•   Separate alphabetical index is required.

 3. Subjective classification
In this filing method, records are classified according to their subject; letters and documents are classified and arranged in files and folders into subject or sub-subject wise. In this filing, subject must be arranged alphabetically. It is widely used in those cases where subject is more important than the name of the person or organization. All documents relating to same subject are filed together in one file.
 Advantages
•   Simple to operate
•   Flexible
•   Convenient
•   Easy to locate
 Disadvantages
•   Not applicable for filing miscellaneous subject
•   Time consuming
•   Difficult to locate when subject matter is not properly understood

 4. Geographic classification
In this method, files are grouped according to the geographical location of firm, organization or person. Under this method name of places are written in file and are arranged in drawer either in alphabetical or numerical order whichever is suitable for organization. It used in multinational companies or those organizations whose business and branches are located in many places of the nation or the world.
Advantages
•   Easy to understand and use
•   Can be arranged in alphabetical and numerical order
•   It used in those organizations whose business is engaged in correspondence with the businesses all over the globe or the nation.
 Disadvantages
•   Expensive
•   Not suitable for small scale organization
•   Time consuming
•   No use of card or index

5. Chronological classification
In this method, files and folders of documents are arranged in an order of their date, day, and time. In an office, several letters and documents may be received and dispatched. They all are arranged according to time and date when they were received and dispatched
 Advantages
•   Simple to understand and easy to operate
•   Quickly located if their dates are known.
•   Less expensive
 Disadvantages
•   Not suitable for large offices
•   When clear dates are not mentioned then there can be difficulty.
 Importance of filing
1.    It helps to keep all records together so the history of office can be understood.
2.   It helps to provide safety place for storage of necessary documents in order to use and locate then when required.
3.   To make records readily and easily available.
4.   It can be used as evidence in case of dispute
5.   It helps in some legal formalities.
6.   It is shown as profit or legal evidence.
7.   It can be presented as a legal document in court.
8.   It helps to make future plans. Past records are the base of future records

Qualities of good filing system
1.   Simple: It should be easy and simple to be understood by the entire employees.
2.   Economy: Filing should be cheap and must come under the budget of the organization. The installation and operation cost should be low.
3.   Compactness: It should be compact and should not take unnecessary space
4.   Accessibility: Files and folders must be preserved for future and must be easily accessible.
5.   Suitable: It should be suitable for any kind o organization. It should meet the requirement of business
6.   Flexible: It should be flexible enough. It must be dynamic and changeable according to the needs of an organization
7.   Safety: A good filing system must preserve all the necessary documents from insects, dust, fire, water and so on
8.   Indexing: A good filing system must have proper indexing
9.   Classification: The files should be classified in a proper way so that it helps in easy location.


Pages: [1] 2 3 ... 6