Social Security System of Bangladesh: An Analysis in the Context of Social Security Model
Security is to uphold state sovereignty by the use of rules, reference of other state, experience and legal administrative framework. State has created for the nation interest. The main works of the Nation is to maintain and arrangement to the social people needs with contingencies way. Needs depends on the and varies from the society to society, place to place, time to time. Social security is depends on social structure such as economic system, values, rituals, political institutions of the state. Historically people have looked to their families, religious, groups and authorities to meet their need for social security. Social security is originated from the notions of welfare state and has connotations of arranging for contingencies for populations in the event of their inability to work or being subjected to sudden dispossession of productive capacities.
Conceptualizing of Social Security: The main aim of social security is to protect members from a fall in living standard and an approach presupposes certain level of living of populations (Dev at al, 2000). Understanding the Social security is that the core of income and welfare is assured through regular participation in work and population leaving only specific contingencies to be taken care public policy. Actually Social security has polarized into two perspectives such as— 1) Social risk management and 2) Human well being and Security.
ILO in its World Labor Review of 2000, has identified Social as the protection which society provides for its member a series of public measures such as- to provide people with health care and to provide benefits for families with children’s, to offset the absence or substantial reduction of income from work resulting from various contingencies notably sickness, maternity, employment injury, old age and death of the breadwinner.
Social Security System in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh, Social Security system is not well defined as structurally and functionally as like we can say that this Society is Fused Society. Here something defined as like diffracted society styles such as Industrial Society system in Bangladesh. The constitution of Bangladesh has recognized fundamental rights of the workers at work places including— social security in the family role, necessary social protection. Globalization and changing economic condition influencing traditional workplace values, nature of employment, working condition, welfare facilities, industrial relations and contemporary social protection system. The introduction of free market economic policies, unbalanced economic and industrial reforms posed serious challenges to job security and social protection of workers in different sectors.
Initiatives for Social Security System in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh, The approximate ratio of formal and informal sector in Bangladesh is 20:80 and the ratio between public and private sector is 30:70. However 51% of employment is covered by agriculture – forestry and fishery sector, the production and transport sector cover 6.4% of employment, 1% of employed people in clerical occupation, 4.5% in sales and 1.2% in service sector (BILS, 2009 Report). In Bangladesh the root of social security system and laws are based upon rules and regulation introduced by the British Colonial regime. There is no specific national policy at present on safety-net issue and very little discussion took place in society on this regard. There have been different initiatives for social security in BD which has the core labor laws of the country are Industrial Relation Ordinance, 1969, Worker’s Compensation Act, 1923, Payment and Wages Act, 1936, Maternity Act, 1939, Factory Act 1965, Shops & Establishment Act 1965, Employment of Labor (SO) 1965 etc. I have mentioned here some initiatives of social security system in BD such as—Old age disability has enacted in 1998 as type of social assistance system which coverage from low-income citizens aged 65 or older and special system for public sector employees, Sickness and Maternity initiatives in 1939 and current law is 2006 as a type of social insurance system which coverage cash sickness benefits and cash maternity benefits as employed women, Work injury initiatives has enacted 1923 and current law is 2006 as labor law which types as employer liability system for accidental injuries and 33 listed occupational diseases, Unemployment sector has no benefits are provided but 2006 labor law requires employers to provide a termination benefit, a retrenchment and layoff benefit. Our present Govt. initiatives are—fully intended support to all right target audiences among the marginalized population of the country and coverage of Social Safety-net programs (SSNP) for adequate support for poor population to become a part of economic and social activities and total number of population reduced to 15% of total populations. Majority of the labor laws are backdated with week enforcement by concerned authorities and most important face of it is that in does not covered all section of worker
