Bio-informatics and other uses of CS in biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine, including systems biology (modeling interactions of multiple systems in a living organism, including immune systems and cancer development), computational biophysics (modeling and understanding mechanical, electrical, and molecular-level interactions inside an organism), computational neurobiology (understanding how organisms process incoming information and react to it, control their bodies, store information, and think). There is a very large gap between what is known about brain structure and the functional capabilities of a living brain – closing this gap is one of the grand challenged in modern science and engineering. DNA analysis and genetics have also become computer-based in the last 20 years. Biomedical engineering is another major area of growth, where microprocessor-based systems can monitor vital signs, and even administer life-saving medications without waiting for a doctor. Computer-aided design of prosthetics is very promising.
