Bank Job Math : Numbers

[zafrin.eng]

IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
I..Numeral : In Hindu Arabic system, we use ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 called digits to represent any number.
A group of digits, denoting a number is called a numeral.
We represent a number, say 689745132 as shown below :

Ten Crores (108)    Crores(107)   Ten Lacs (Millions) (106)   Lacs(105)   Ten Thousands (104)   Thousands (103)   Hundreds (102)   Tens(101)   Units(100)
6   8   9   7   4   5   1   3   2
We read it as : 'Sixty-eight crores, ninety-seven lacs, forty-five thousand, one hundred and thirty-two'.
II  Place Value or Local Value of a Digit in a Numeral :
In the above numeral :
Place value of 2 is (2 x 1) = 2; Place value of 3 is (3 x 10) = 30;
Place value of 1 is (1 x 100) = 100 and so on.
Place value of 6 is 6 x 108 = 600000000   
III.Face Value : The face value of a digit in a numeral is the value of the   digit itself at whatever place it may be. In the above numeral, the face value of 2 is 2; the face value of 3 is 3 and so on.
IV.TYPES OF NUMBERS
1.Natural Numbers : Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..... are called natural
numbers.
2.Whole Numbers : All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole
numbers. Thus,
        (i) 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number.
        (ii) Every natural number is a whole number.
3.Integers : All natural numbers, 0 and negatives of counting numbers i.e.,
{..., -3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3,.....} together form the set of integers.
(i) Positive Integers : {1, 2, 3, 4, .....} is the set of all positive integers.
(ii) Negative Integers : {- 1, - 2, - 3,.....} is the set of all negative integers.
(iii) Non-Positive and Non-Negative Integers : 0 is neither positive nor
negative. So, {0, 1, 2, 3,....} represents the set of non-negative integers, while
{0, -1,-2,-3,.....} represents the set of non-positive integers.
4.  Even Numbers : A number divisible by 2 is called an even number, e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc.
5.  Odd Numbers : A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc.
6.  Prime Numbers : A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1 and the number itself.
Prime numbers upto 100 are : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43,
47,  53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97.