Phones and Allophones: p-2

[Md. Mostafa Rashel]

Linguistics: P-2

Writing Rules

A general phonological rule is A → B / D __ E (said: A becomes B when it occurs between D
and E) Other symbols in rule writing include: C = any obstruent, V = any vowel, Ø = nothing, # = word boundary, ( ) = optional, and { } = either/or. A deletion rule is A → Ø / E __ (A is deleted when it occurs after E) and an insertion rule is Ø → A / E __ (A is inserted when it occurs after E).

Alpha notation is used to collapse similar assimilation rules into one. C → [Α voice] / __ [Α voice] (An obstruent becomes voiced when it occurs before a voiced obstruent AND an obstruent becomes voiceless when it occurs before a voiceless obstruent.) Similarly, it can be used for dissimilation rules too. C → [-Α voice] / __ [Α voice] (An obstruent becomes voiced when it occurs before a voiceless obstruent AND an obstruent becomes voiceless when it occurs before a voiced obstruent.) Gemination rules are written as C1C2 → C2C2 (for example, pd → dd)

Please see the attached file for Assimilation in English

Enduring.........

[asitrony]

It's the most useful thing....we should take it as a medium of proper pronunciation!!

[Md. Mostafa Rashel]

thank you much.